Bingham distribution
In statistics, the Bingham distribution, named after Christopher Bingham, is an antipodally symmetric probability distribution on the n-sphere.[1] It is a generalization of the Watson distribution and a special case of the Kent and Fisher–Bingham distributions.
The Bingham distribution is widely used in paleomagnetic data analysis,[2] and has been used in the field of computer vision.[3] [4] [5]
Its probability density function is given by
- {\displaystyle f(\mathbf {x} ,円;,円M,Z)\;dS^{n-1}={}_{1}F_{1}\left({\tfrac {1}{2}};{\tfrac {n}{2}};Z\right)^{-1}\cdot \exp \left(\operatorname {tr} ZM^{T}\mathbf {x} \mathbf {x} ^{T}M\right)\;dS^{n-1}}
which may also be written
- {\displaystyle f(\mathbf {x} ,円;,円M,Z)\;dS^{n-1}\;=\;{}_{1}F_{1}\left({\tfrac {1}{2}};{\tfrac {n}{2}};Z\right)^{-1}\cdot \exp \left(\mathbf {x} ^{T}MZM^{T}\mathbf {x} \right)\;dS^{n-1}}
where x is an axis (i.e., a unit vector), M is an orthogonal orientation matrix, Z is a diagonal concentration matrix, and {\displaystyle {}_{1}F_{1}(\cdot ;\cdot ,\cdot )} is a confluent hypergeometric function of matrix argument. The matrices M and Z are the result of diagonalizing the positive-definite covariance matrix of the Gaussian distribution that underlies the Bingham distribution.
See also
[edit ]References
[edit ]- ^ Bingham, Ch. (1974) "An antipodally symmetric distribution on the sphere". Annals of Statistics, 2(6):1201–1225.
- ^ Onstott, T.C. (1980) "Application of the Bingham distribution function in paleomagnetic studies [permanent dead link ]". Journal of Geophysical Research, 85:1500–1510.
- ^ S. Teller and M. Antone (2000). Automatic recovery of camera positions in Urban Scenes
- ^ Haines, Tom S. F.; Wilson, Richard C. (2008). Computer Vision – ECCV 2008 (PDF). Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 5304. Springer. pp. 780–791. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-88690-7_58. ISBN 978-3-540-88689-1. S2CID 15488343.
- ^ "Better robot vision: A neglected statistical tool could help robots better understand the objects in the world around them". MIT News. October 7, 2013. Retrieved October 7, 2013.