Help:IPA/Sicilian
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This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Sicilian on Wikipedia.
It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Sicilian in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.
For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Sicilian
The charts below show how the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Sicilian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
See Sicilian orthography for a more thorough look at the sounds of Sicilian.
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Notes
[edit ]- ^ If a consonant is doubled after a vowel, it is geminated. In IPA, gemination can be represented either by doubling the consonant (fattu [ˈfattʊ], mezzu [ˈmɛttsʊ]) or by the length marker ⟨ː ⟩. Sicilian, like standard Italian, also has a sandhi phenomenon called syntactic gemination, generally not represented graphically: e.g. è loncu [ˌɛlˈlɔŋkʊ].
- ^ a b c d e f g /b/, /dʒ/, /ɖ/, /ɲ/, /r/, /ʃ/ and /ts/ are always geminated after a vowel, before a vowel or a semivowel.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o In a few (but not all) dialects, /p/, /t/, /ts/, /tʃ/, /ʈ/, /k/, /c/ and for some even /f/, when preceded by a nasal, may be replaced by their voiced counterparts [b], [d], [dz], [dʒ], [ɖ], [ɡ], [ɟ], [v].
- ^ a b The common realization of vowel-following single /d/ is [ɾ].
- ^ a b c d e f ⟨s⟩ may be rendered as [ʃ] before voiceless consonants, [ʒ] before voiced or nasal consonants, and is always [ts]~[dz] after a nasal; it merges with following /ʈ(ɽ)/ giving [ʂː] (e.g. finestra [fɪˈnɛʂː(ɽ)a]).
- ^ If the two characters ⟨ɡ⟩ and ⟨ ⟩ do not match and if the first looks like a ⟨γ⟩, there is a default font. See Help:IPA § Rendering issues.
- ^ a b c When not geminated nor preceded by a consonant, /ɡ/ and /ɟ/ may also be realized as [ɣ] / [j], respectively, or dropped.
- ^ a b c d After ⟨n⟩, /ɡ/ and /ɟ/ might nasalize to [ŋ] / [ɲ], respectively (e.g. lingua [ˈliŋŋwa]).
- ^ a b When /j/ is geminated or preceded by a nasal it is replaced by [ɟ] (e.g. un jencu [uɲˈɟɛŋkʊ]~[uɲˈɲɛŋkʊ]).
- ^ a b c d e f Nasals always assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Thus, the n in /nk/~/nɡ/ is a velar [ŋ], the one in /nc/~/nɟ/~/nɲ/ is a palatal [ɲ], the one in /nʈ/~/nɖ/ is a retroflex [ɳ] and the one in /nf/~/nv/ is a labiodental [ɱ] (with /nv/ also realized as [ɱː]). A nasal before /p/, /b/ and /m/ is a bilabial [m].
- ^ a b c ⟨r⟩ has a variety of realizations, the most common of which are: [ɾ] if single, though usually [ɽ] after ⟨d⟩ / ⟨t⟩ (or even [ʐ] / [ʂ], respectively); [rː] or [ʐː] if geminated. At the beginning of a word it is always geminated.
- ^ Always geminated.
- ^ a b When not geminated nor following another consonant, /tʃ/ tends to be pronounced [ʃ].
- ^ In unstressed positions, the mid and close front vowels /ɛ/ and /i/ are neutralized as [ɪ], but their back counterparts /ɔ/ and /u/ are neutralized as [ʊ]. However, in recent borrowings (mostly from Italian) and in certain compounds, /ɛ/ and /ɔ/ may appear even in unstressed positions (e.g. ristoranti [rɪstɔˈɾantɪ], comegghiè [kɔmɛɟˈɟɛ]). The open /a/ occurs in all positions.
- ^ Salentino contrasts unstressed /ɪ/ and /e/. A good illustration is the word gammali "boot", which in Salentino is pronounced [kamˈbaːle] in the singular and [kamˈbaːlɪ] in the plural but is [ɡamˈmaːlɪ] for both forms in other places.
- ^ Vowels are long when stressed in non-final open syllables: vèniri [ˈvɛːnɪɾɪ] ~ vènniri [ˈvɛnnɪɾɪ], or when they are the result of phonetic mergers, in which case they are spelled with a circumflex: nta lu = ntô, pi lu = pû.
See also
[edit ]External links
[edit ]- Avolio, Francesco. "siciliani, calabresi e salentini, dialetti" [Sicilian, Calabrian and Salentine dialects]. Enciclopedia Treccani (in Italian).