Anticorruption and Integrity
Underpinned by ADB's zero tolerance for corruption, the Office of Anticorruption and Integrity and the sanctions bodies align with ADB’s commitment to strengthen governance across Asia and the Pacific as they mitigate integrity risks, investigate integrity violations, enforce sanctions, and promote integrity among ADB’s stakeholders.
ADB refined its sanctions system under the Investigation and Enforcement Framework (IEF), which enhanced the independence of its sanctions bodies: the Integrity Enforcement Committee (IEC) and the Enforcement Appeals Committee (EAC).
The IEC and EAC are guided by their respective terms of reference (TOR) and codes of conduct. The TOR define their mandate, organizational structure, roles and responsibilities, decision-making processes, and overall operational procedures. The codes of conduct establish the ethical standards and professional behavior expected of members, emphasizing integrity, impartiality, confidentiality, and accountability.
The IEC and EAC are assisted by a secretariat, within Office of the Secretary, in effectively carrying out their responsibilities, ensuring that the IEC and EAC can operate independently and align with the practices of other multilateral development banks.
The Investigation and Enforcement Framework sets out ADB’s approach to investigating suspected integrity violations committed in connection with ADB-related activities and taking enforcement actions, including debarment, against those found to have engaged in such violations.
The Integrity Enforcement Committee (IEC) is the first-tier sanctions body that reviews and takes decisions on the findings and recommendations of the Office of Anticorruption and Integrity (OAI).
The IEC consists of two regular external members, one alternate external member, and a pool of three or more senior internal staff members. For each case, one internal member will be selected to serve on the panel.
All members are appointed by the President based on the recommendation of the Advisory Committee on Investigations and Enforcement Matters. Members serve a term of 3 years, renewable once.
An external member chairs the IEC. Decisions within the IEC are made by majority vote.
Marie-Anne is an international lawyer with extensive experience in both public and private sectors across emerging and developed markets. She has held various senior leadership positions including as General Counsel at the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and as the Secretary at the Asian Development Bank where she also served as Deputy General Counsel. Marie-Anne was previously a Regional General Counsel at Barclays Bank and a Partner at two international law firms. Her expertise includes governance, legal risk management, and stakeholder engagement. Currently, she holds various non-executive director positions and serves as the Chair of the Advisory Board at the Energy Charter Conference.
She holds a master’s degree in law from the University of Utrecht. She was admitted to the Amsterdam Bar in 1988 and as a Solicitor of the Supreme Court of England & Wales in 1994.
Duncan has a distinguished career in fraud and corruption investigations. He has held significant roles at the European Investment Bank, the World Bank, the United Kingdom’s Serious Fraud Office, and the Department of Trade and Industry. Duncan has authored several articles and books on integrity and compliance and has contributed to various policy documents for international organizations.
He holds a law degree from Lancaster University and is qualified as a barrister and a member of Gray’s Inn, London.
Chris is a seasoned financial expert with over 20 years of experience in governance, audit, and risk management at international financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Finance Corporation. He has conducted due diligence reviews of over 80 central banks and has extensive expertise in financial management, procurement, internal controls, and audits. Chris has held significant roles, including Director at the IMF’s Corporate Services and Facilities Department, and has contributed to various advisory committees like the United Nations Development Programme Audit and Evaluation Advisory Committee.
He holds a Chartered Financial Analyst designation, a Chartered Accountant qualification, and a Master’s degree in commerce from the University of Cape Town.
Artur has more than 24 years of professional experience both at the national and international level in managerial, leadership and technical roles, including 12 years with ADB. Since joining ADB in 2012, he has served in different regional and operational departments including as the Deputy Country Director for Afghanistan. Prior to joining ADB, Artur worked for the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), and the Australian Bureau of Statistics.
An Australian national, Artur holds a Master’s degree in Management and Accounting from the Australian National University, and a Bachelor’s degree in Economics and Finance from the Edith Cowan University in Australia.
Takeo has held various significant roles in private sector infrastructure finance, public–private partnerships, and public sector financing across Asia and the Pacific with 29 years of professional experience, including 23 years at the Asian Development Bank (ADB). He joined ADB in July 2002 as an Investment Officer and progressed through positions such as Principal Investment Specialist of Private Sector Operations Department, Director of Office of Public-Private Partnership, and Regional Head, Private Sector Development of South Asia Department. Before joining ADB, Takeo was a Section Chief of the Development Institutions Division at the Ministry of Finance, Japan, and was also a Loan Officer at the Export-Import Bank of Japan.
A national of Japan, Takeo holds master’s degrees in business administration from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and in economics from the London School of Economics and Political Science. He also has a bachelor’s degree in economics from the University of Tokyo.
With over 25 years of experience leading human and social development projects and policy dialogue, including more than 20 years at the Asian Development Bank (ADB), Karin has a distinguished career. She joined ADB in April 2004 as a Young Professional in the Southeast Asia Department, later moving to the East Asia Department. Over the years her roles have included Poverty Reduction Specialist, Social Sector Specialist, and Principal Social Sector Specialist, with resident mission assignments in Cambodia and the People’s Republic of China. Her significant contributions include leading the Social Protection Support Project in the Philippines, the Shock-Responsive Social Protection Project in Mongolia and the Healthy and Age-friendly City Development Program in the PRC.
A national of the United States, she holds a doctorate and master’s degree in international development from The London School of Economics and George Washington University, respectively, and a bachelor’s degree in international relations from Tufts University.
Yasmin has 24 years of work experience, including 14 years at the Asian Development Bank (ADB). She joined ADB in June 2007 as a Water Resources Management Specialist and progressed to Senior Water Resources Specialist in August 2011, and then to Principal Water Resources Specialist in August 2014. In March 2020, she was appointed Director of the Central and West Asia Environment and Natural Resources Division, where she developed an operational pipeline for 2023-2025 and expanded the use of new ADB instruments. Yasmin has been key in achieving delivery targets and advocating for climate change mainstreaming in the Central and West Asia Department.
A national of the United Kingdom, she holds a master’s degree in irrigation engineering from the University of Southampton and a bachelor’s degree in civil and structural engineering from the University of Bradford. She is also a professional chartered civil engineer in the UK.
The Enforcement Appeals Committee (EAC) is the second-tier sanctions body that receives and determines appeals of IEC decisions.
The EAC operates as a panel with a majority of external members, consisting of two regular external members and one regular internal member. Additionally, one alternate external member and two alternate internal members are appointed to substitute when needed.
All members are appointed by the President based on the recommendation of the Advisory Committee on Investigations and Enforcement Matters. Members serve a term of 3 years, renewable once.
An external member chairs the EAC. Decisions within the EAC are made by majority vote.
Norbert is a senior legal executive with 3 decades of experience at the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). Norbert has worked extensively on the development and implementation of policies to safeguard the integrity of EBRD’s operations and procurement processes. He has served as chairperson of EBRD’s Enforcement Committee and Procurement Complaints Committee and has been involved in various legal aspects of EBRD’s treasury, loans, equity investments, and donor funding programs. He holds a Juris Doctor and a Magister Juris from the University of Vienna and a master of comparative jurisprudence from New York School of Law. Norbert is also a member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) Secretariat Appeals Committee and the Administrative Tribunal of the OPEC Fund for International Development.
Maria is an independent international arbitrator and judge with extensive experience in public international law. A national of Argentina and Spain, she currently serves as Chair of the World Bank Sanctions Board and as a judge on the administrative tribunals of the International Monetary Fund, Inter-American Development Bank, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Maria also acts as an arbitrator in cases under the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes, and the Permanent Court of Arbitration. In 2017, she was designated on the list of panelists of the World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Body. She is an observer to United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Working Groups II and III, a member of the ICC Arbitration Commission, and an advisor to the Board of the Arbitration Court of Madrid.
Previously, Maria held senior roles such as General Counsel of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and Director of the General Legal Division at the United Nations Office of Legal Affairs. She has been recognized for her contributions to international law, including receiving the 2013 Mayre Rasmussen Award from the American Bar Association. Maria holds a master of laws from Columbia University and a law degree from the University of Buenos Aires, and is admitted to practice law in New York and Buenos Aires.
Shahid is an experienced economist with a Ph.D. from Stanford University and extensive expertise in development economics, policy analysis, and project management. He has held significant roles at the Asian Development Bank, including Lead Operations Coordination Specialist and Principal Planning and Policy Specialist. Shahid has also worked as a consultant for various international organizations such as the World Bank, the United Nations Development Programme, the International Labour Organization, and the World Conservation Union (IUCN). His work includes developing strategic frameworks, conducting policy consultations, and leading major studies on finance sector development and public finance in Asia. Shahid has authored and edited several publications on economic development and policy.
Asghar has over 17 years of professional experience, including more than 10 years at the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Asghar joined ADB in October 2010 as Counsel. He has played a key role in ADB’s procurement policy reforms, including the development of new staff instructions, guidance notes, and standard bidding documents under the 2017 Procurement Framework. He also led initiatives for alternative procurement arrangements and negotiated framework agreements with the World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. From 2017 to 2019, he served as Procurement Counsel, overseeing procurement-related advice and operations. Asghar has also been involved in major results-based lending (RBL) and Islamic finance initiatives at ADB.
A national of the United Kingdom, Asghar holds a law degree from the University of Exeter and is qualified to practice law in New York and Pakistan.
Manoj has worked in the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for over 14 years in different capacities, including Chief of the Urban Sector Group in the Sustainable Development and Climate Change Department from 2018 to 2023. Before joining ADB, he worked in the Government of India as a member of the Indian Administrative Service (IAS).
With a career of 32 years, Manoj has gained extensive experience in the areas of urban development, economic corridors, and livable cities, working in many integrated projects and programs within ADB and the Government of India. His leadership has been instrumental in guiding multisector teams in the conceptualization and execution of complex and transformational projects, programs, and policies across ADB’s member countries.
Manoj has a bachelor’s degree in civil engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), a master of business administration (MBA) from the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta (IIMC), and is a Chartered Financial Analyst holder.
Emma has over 30 years of professional experience, including more than 19 years at the Asian Development Bank (ADB). She joined ADB in 2005 as a Regional Economist. She has held various progressively responsible positions, including Principal Economist, Director of the Social Development and Public Management Division, and Deputy Director General with the Pacific Department and the Southeast Asia Department. Before joining ADB, Emma was an Economic Adviser to the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat and an Executive at the Bureau of Transport Economics in Australia.
An Australian national, Emma holds a master’s degree in development economics from the University of New England and bachelor’s degrees in economics and agricultural science from the University of Queensland.
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ADB is a leading multilateral development bank supporting sustainable, inclusive, and resilient growth across Asia and the Pacific. Working with its members and partners to solve complex challenges together, ADB harnesses innovative financial tools and strategic partnerships to transform lives, build quality infrastructure, and safeguard our planet.
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