Oti language
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| Otí | |
|---|---|
| Chavante, Xavante | |
| Otí[1] | |
| Native to | Brazil |
| Region | State of São Paulo, Paranapanema River basin |
| Ethnicity | Otí |
| Extinct | early 20th century |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | oti |
| Glottolog | otii1244 |
| Map of the Otí language | |
The Otí language, also known as Chavante or Euchavante, is a language isolate once spoken in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, between the Peixe and Pardo rivers.[2] The language became extinct at the beginning of the 20th century. Only a few wordlists are preserved,[3] and Campbell leaves it unclassified due to a paucity of information.[4]
Greenberg classified Oti as a Macro-Ge language, but he provided almost no supporting data and has not been followed by other researchers.[5] [6]
History
[edit ]The Oti were largely exterminated in the late 19th century out of fear that they were Kaingang.[7] Nimuendajú estimated that there were some 50 Oti in 1890.[8] By 1903, there were only 8, divided between two locations, one a few kilometers east of Indiana and east of Presidente Prudente, between the Peixe and Paranapanema rivers, and one in Platina, some 50 km northwest of Ourinhos. The traditional Oti lands up to 1870 had been located between these two places.[9] In 1988, the last Oti died.[10]
Vocabulary
[edit ]Loukotka (1968)
[edit ]Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items.[11]
gloss Otí hand insua fire úgide stone racha sun isken moon kuyade earth biroa jaguar kuatá fish eredehe house gobx bow iñesteku
Nikulin (2020)
[edit ]Some Otí words given by Nikulin (2020),[6] : 78–79 cited from Quadros (1892),[12] Borba (1908: 73–76),[13] and Ihering (1912: 8).[1] For the original word lists by Quadros (1892) and Borba (1908), see the corresponding Portuguese article.
These wordlists are also reproduced in Ihering (1903).[14]Portuguese gloss
(original)English gloss
(translated)Otí cabeça head ursube; ufúbe cabelo hair eteche; naôdj olho eye acli, athli orelha ear aconxe; acóti; kō's(h)a nariz nose assondlaibe; sonduái dente tooth vê; ûa boca mouth afót peito chest instúa mão hand insua pé foot jube; fum sangue blood astaete água water ocochia; kos(h)îa; diélsede fogo fire iná; achô; úgide árvore tree tajane terra earth biroa pedra stone rátcha chuva rain chanin; béia sente-se! sit down! roiábe deite fora! (?) throw it away! (?) bója
References
[edit ]- ^ a b Ihering, H. von. A ethnographia do Brazil meridional. Extracto de las Actas del XVII° Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, pág. 250 y siguientes. Buenos Aires: Imprenta de Coni Hermanos, 1912.
- ^ Lyle Campbell, 1997. American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195094271
- ^ "Glottolog 5.1 - Oti". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2025年03月31日.
- ^ Campbell, Lyle (2012年01月13日), Campbell, Lyle; Grondona, Verónica (eds.), "Classification of the indigenous languages of South America" , The Indigenous Languages of South America, DE GRUYTER, pp. 59–166, doi:10.1515/9783110258035.59, ISBN 978-3-11-025513-3 , retrieved 2025年03月31日
- ^ Aryon Rodrigues, "Macro-Jê", in RMW Dixon, 1999, The Amazonian Languages
- ^ a b Nikulin, Andrey. 2020. Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo . Tese de Doutorado em Linguística, Universidade de Brasília.
- ^ Ute Ritz-Deutch, 2008. Alberto Vojtech Fric, the German Diaspora, and Indian Protection in Southern Brazil, 1900–1920
- ^ Nimuendajú, Curt 1942. The Šerente. Los Angeles.
- ^ Fabre (2009)
- ^ CEDI 1991. Oti-Xavante. CEDI 1991: 580–581.
- ^ Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages . Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
- ^ Quadros, F. R. E. Memoria sobre os trabalhos de exploração e observação efetuada pela secção da comissão militar encarregada da linha telegráfica de Uberaba a Cuiabá, de fevereiro a junho de 1889. Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro, Rio de Janeiro, v. 55, n. 1, p. 233–260, 1892.
- ^ Borba, T. Actualidade Indígena (Paraná, Brazil). Curitiba: Impressora Paranaense, 1908. 171 pp.
- ^ von Ihering, Hermann (1903). The Anthropology of the State of São Paulo, Brazil (PDF). São Paulo: Duprat & Comp.
External links
[edit ]
- Alain Fabre, 2009, Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos: Oti