Cafundó language
| Cafundó | |
|---|---|
| Cupópia | |
| Native to | Brazil |
| Region | Cafundó, São Paulo |
Native speakers | (40 cited 1978)[1] |
Early forms | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | ccd |
| Glottolog | cafu1238 |
Cafundó (Portuguese pronunciation: [kafũˈdɔ] ), or Cupópia ([kuˈpɔpjɐ] ), is an argot ("secret language") spoken in the Brazilian village of Cafundó, São Paulo, now a suburb of Salto de Pirapora. The language is structurally similar to Portuguese, with many Bantu words in its lexicon.
Cafundó was at first thought to be an African language, but a later study (1996) by Carlos Vogt and Peter Fry showed that its grammatical and morphological structure are those of Brazilian Portuguese, specifically the rural hinterland Southeastern variety, caipira . Whereas its lexicon is heavily drawn from some Bantu language(s). It is therefore not a creole language, as it is sometimes considered. In contrast to Vogt and Fry (1996), Álvarez López and Jon-And (2017) suggests that when speakers code-switch from Cafundó Portuguese to Cupópia, they produce something different from a contemporary regional variety of Portuguese with a number of African-derived words.[2] Rather, the passages in which Cupópia is used comprise specific grammatical features, suggesting that the variety has its own grammar.
History
[edit ]The name cafundó means "a remote place" or "a hard-to-reach place", referring to the quilombo of Cafundó. The Brazilian film Cafundó also takes its name from the same location.
Speakers
[edit ]The speaker community is very small (40 people in 1978). They live in a rural area, 150 km from the city of São Paulo, and are mostly of African descent. They also speak Portuguese, and use cafundó as a "secret" home language.
References
[edit ]- ^ Cafundó at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Álvarez López, Laura; Jon-and, Anna (2017年06月17日). "Afro-Brazilian Cupópia". Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages. 32 (1): 75–103. doi:10.1075/jpcl.32.1.03alv. ISSN 0920-9034.
- Peter Fry and Carlos Vogt (1996) Cafundó, a África no Brasil: Linguagem e Sociedade. São Paulo, Companhia das Letras. ISBN 85-7164-585-X.
- Sílvio Vieira de Andrade Filho (2000) Um Estudo Sociolingüístico das Comunidades Negras do Cafundó, do Antigo Caxambu e de seus Arredores. Secretaria da Educação e Cultura of Sorocaba. Also Ph.D. diss., University of São Paulo. ISBN 85-89017-01-X. Available on-line.
- Laura Álvarez López and Anna Jon-And (2017) 'Afro-Brazilian Cupópia: Lexical and morphosyntactic features of a lexically driven in-group code'. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 32:1 (75-103).