Microfinance Can Raise Incomes: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial in the People’s Republic of China

Publication | October 2025
SHARE THIS PAGE

This study finds that a microcredit program in poor rural areas of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) significantly increases household income and reduces poverty. The authors examine the role of program design and contextual factors.

This systematic evaluation of the PRC’s large-scale village banking program uses a randomized controlled trial. Its findings contrast with those of recent RCT-based studies in different parts of the world that found no evidence of significant increases in income from microcredit interventions. The authors explore possible explanations for why the estimated impacts may be greater in the PRC. These factors include larger loan size, lump sum repayments, lower interest rates, less access to formal credit before the program, and greater returns from credit-constrained off-farm employment opportunities.

Contents

  • Introduction
  • The Program and Experimental Design
  • Methods
  • Results
  • Comparison of Microcredit Programs
  • Heterogeneity of Treatment Impacts
  • Conclusion

Additional Details

Subjects
  • Economics
  • Finance sector development
  • Finance sector reform
  • Small and medium enterprise (SME) financing
Countries
  • China, People's Republic of
Pages
  • 44
Dimensions
  • 8.5 x 11
Publication Stock No.
  • WPS250409-2
ISSN
  • 2313-6537 (print)
  • 2313-6545 (PDF)

Subscribe to our monthly digest of latest ADB publications.

Follow ADB Publications on social media.