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Help:IPA/Navajo

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This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Navajo on Wikipedia.
It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Navajo in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.
For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Navajo

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Navajo language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Navajo phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Navajo.

Consonants
IPA Orthography English approximation
ʔ ʼ the catch in uh-oh
p b spill[1]
tʃh ch child
tʃʼ chʼ a glottalized version of ch
t d stay[2]
t ɬ dl somewhat like atlas
ts dz cats
k g skate[3]
ɰ gh war, but unrounded
h h, x he[4]
hw hw, xw blowing out a candle, or as in which (without the witch-which merger)
tʃ j teacher
kh k king
kʼ kʼ somewhat like bike, with glottalization
l l lake
ɬ ł no English equivalent; Welsh llwyd
m m man
n n nice
s s sad
ʃ sh shell
th t "t" in tie
tʼ tʼ somewhat like right with glottalization
tɬh tł no English equivalent
tɬʼ tłʼ no English equivalent
tsh ts cats with aspiration
tsʼ tsʼ somewhat like cats with glottalization
w w was
j y yellow
z z was
ʒ zh garage, pleasure
Oral vowels
IPA Orthography English approximation
a ˩ a somewhat like bra with low tone
a ˥ á somewhat like bra with high tone
a ː ˩ aa long "a" in bra with low tone
a ː ˥ áá long "a" in bra with high tone
e ˩ e met with low tone
e ˥ é met with high tone
e ː ˩ ee long "e" in met with low tone
e ː ˥ éé long "e" in met with high tone
i ˩ i[5] seet with low tone
i ˥ í seet with high tone
i ː ˩ ii long "ee" in see with low tone
i ː ˥ íí long "ee" in see with high tone
o ˩ o somewhat like story with low tone
o ˥ ó somewhat like story with high tone
o ː ˩ oo long "o" with low tone
o ː ˥ óó long "o" with high tone
Nasal vowels
IPA Orthography English approximation
ã ˩ ą nasal "a" for bra with low tone
ã ˥ ą́ nasal "a" for bra with high tone
ã ː ˩ ąą long nasal "a" for bra with low tone
ã ː ˥ ą́ą́ long nasal "a" for bra with high tone
ẽ ˩ ę nasal "e" for met with low tone
ẽ ˥ ę́ nasal "e" for met with high tone
ẽ ː ˩ ęę long nasal "e" for met with low tone
ẽ ː ˥ ę́ę́ long nasal "e" for met with high tone
ĩ ˩ į nasal "ee" for see with low tone
ĩ ˥ į́ nasal "ee" for see with high tone
ĩ ː ˩ įį long nasal "ee" for see with low tone
ĩ ː ˥ į́į́ long nasal "ee" for see with high tone
õ ˩ ǫ nasal "oa" for story with low tone
õ ˥ ǫ́ nasal "oa" for story with high tone
õ ː ˩ ǫǫ long nasal "oa" for story with low tone
õ ː ˥ ǫ́ǫ́ long nasal "oa" for story with high tone

Notes

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  1. ^ "Native Languages" website
  2. ^ "Native Languages" website
  3. ^ "Native Languages" website
  4. ^ "Native Languages" says it can be realized also as the raspy x , somewhat like the "h" in he.
  5. ^ "Native Languages" says it can be realized also as the "i" in sit (ɪ ).

References

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See also

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Comparisons
Introductory guides

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