Help:IPA/Icelandic
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This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Icelandic on Wikipedia.
It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Icelandic in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.
For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Icelandic
This article includes inline links to audio files. If you have trouble playing the files, see Wikipedia Media help.
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Icelandic language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters. This key is allophonic which means that it encodes main allophones of the distinctive sounds.
See Icelandic phonology and Icelandic orthography § Spelling-to-sound correspondence for a more thorough look at the sounds of Icelandic.
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Notes
[edit ]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Aspirated stops devoice adjacent connsonants when part of the same morpheme as a form of post- or pre-aspiration but are, in standard varieties, themselves pronounced unaspirated other than word initially. However, preserving them post-aspirated intervocallicaly is a feature of northern dialects, compare flauta //ˈflœy.tha//, Aspirated i / Unaspirated i . Most speakers though alternate between the two favoring aspiration the more formal the context is.
In the Northeast, may additionally be kept post-aspirated mp, nt, nk, lp, lk, ðk. - ^ a b c d e f g h Several sounds may be represented by graphical ⟨f⟩ ⟨p⟩ and ⟨g⟩, which alternate for historical reasons based on phonological environement. Paradigms and derivation may thus seem more opaque on the phonetical plan, e.g. segi [sɛijɪ], sagt [saxt], sagði [saɣðɪ], sagna [sakna] all derived from segja [sɛija].
- ^ a b c d e f Utterance finally, voiced consonants loose their full voicing. After another consonnant the devoicing can only be total, e.g. -son ⟦-ˌsɔn̥)⟧ i ~ logn ⟦lɔkn̥⟧ i , hafið ⟦ˈhaːvɪð̥)⟧ i ~ -byggð ⟦-ˌpɪɣθ⟧ i Rögnvaldsson (2017:36, 60) harvcoltxt error: no target: CITEREFRögnvaldsson2017 (help). This is a prosodic process not an assimilatory one i.e it is triggered merely by the position of the word in a phrase not some following consonants. Hence the use of the voiced graphemes.
A similar process affects stops, rendering them somewhat aspirated Rögnvaldsson (2017:33) harvcoltxt error: no target: CITEREFRögnvaldsson2017 (help). - ^ /r/ assimilates to the adjacent voiceless fricatives /s,h/ -even across word boundaries- Rögnvaldsson (2017:59) harvcoltxt error: no target: CITEREFRögnvaldsson2017 (help).
- ^ Hver is usually pronounced as if spelled kver [khvɛːr] = ⟦kv̥ɪɛːr̥⟧. [xw] or [x] is part of a dialect from the Southern Region and is rare nowadays. Audio: hvass : [xwasː] i V.S. [khvasː] i
- ^ Vowels are usually long if they are stressed and followed by no more than one consonant, double consonants counting as more than one. Vowel length is not phonemic.
- ^ Closer to fat in most British and Irish accents; closer to fart in most North American, Australian and New Zealand accents
- ^ Closer to fad in most British and Irish accents; closer to father in most North American, Australian and New Zealand accents
- ^ a b c Long [ɛː,ɔː,œː] are most typically realized as smooth transitions from [ɪ,ʊ,ʏ] to [ɛː,ɔː,œː]. Thus, they are monophthongs phonologically and diphthongs phonetically (Árnason 2011:60, Gussmann 2011:71, 88).
- ^ Icelandic's clusters are subject to a wide variety of processes. Displayed here: "vowel + s + consonant" which can lead to a syllable parsing as either closed or open, influencing the vowel's resulting pronunciation.
Bibliography
[edit ]- Rögnvaldsson, Eiríkur (2017). Hljóðkerfi og orðhlutakerfi íslensku [The phonology and morphology of Icelandic] (PDF) (in Icelandic) (2nd ed.). Reykjavík. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024年09月18日.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Árnason, Kristján (2011). The Phonology of Icelandic and Faroese. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-922931-4.
- Gussmann, Edmund (2011). "Getting your head around: the vowel system of Modern Icelandic" (PDF). Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia. 12: 71–90. ISBN 978-83-232-2296-5.
- Haugen, Einar (1958). "The Phonemics of Modern Icelandic". Language. 34 (1): 55–88. doi:10.2307/411276. JSTOR 411276.
- Volhardt, Marc Daniel Skibsted (2011). Islændinges udtale af dansk. En sammenlignende analyse af lydsystemerne i islandsk og dansk, og islandske studerendes danskudtale (Bachelor's degree essay) (in Danish). Reykjavík: University of Iceland.