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Sign-language media

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Sign-language media are media based on a media system for sign languages. Interfaces in sign-language media are built on the complex grammar structure of sign languages. Generally media are built for oral languages or written languages, and are often not compatible with sign languages.

Sign-language media have specific characteristics:

  • Sound is absent, or on very low frequencies (bass).
  • No, or very little, text is used.
  • A specific camera frame for close-ups.

Milestones

[edit ]
  • Analog era:
    • Film - Sign-language media is born. The first sign-language film is created in 1902.[1]
    • Video - Sign-language magazines on video are distributed.
  • Digital era:
    • Digital video and software - Sign-language interfaces are created to browse content.
    • World Wide Web - Information in sign language becomes available for everyone.
    • The videophone and webcam - Sign-language telecommunication becomes possible.
    • Mobile videotelephony - UMTS provides support for sign-language telecommunications.
    • Vlogs - Sign-language newssites start booming with the protest against Jane Fernandes.
    • Production of sign-language videos using computer-generated avatars instead of images of a real person.[2] [3] [4]
    • Sign-language videos[5] in various form of signs are being produced using a real sign-language interpreters
    • Sign language can be shown in movie theaters via a second screen mounted on the chair, playing a Sign Language Video track synchronized with the film.[6] [7]
[edit ]

References

[edit ]
  1. ^ "LibGuides: Deaf Films: Oldest Deaf Films".
  2. ^ Michael Kipp, Alexis Heloir, Quan Nguyen. Sign language avatars: Animation and comprehensibility. Volume 6895 of the series Lecture Notes in Computer Science pp 113-126. Link to article by Kipp, Heloir, and Nguyen.
  3. ^ Sarah Ebling. 2013. Evaluating a Swiss German Sign Language Avatar among the Deaf Community. Link to access
  4. ^ Link to Spanish Sign Language videos done by software
  5. ^ "Online Video Library | JW.ORG Videos American Sign Language | American Sign Language (ASL)". www.jw.org. Retrieved 2024年12月29日.
  6. ^ "Deluxe Launches First Brazilian Sign Language (LIBRAS) Localization Service Outside Brazil". Cision PR Newswire. Deluxe Entertainment Services Group Inc. through Cision PR Newswire. 18 Sep 2017. Retrieved 14 Nov 2023.
  7. ^ "Accessibility & The Audio Track File". Cinepedia. September 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
Language
families[a]
Sign languages by family
Australian
Aboriginal

(multiple families)[c]
Western Desert
Zendath Kesign
Arab (Ishaaric)
Iraqi–
Levantine
Levantine
  • Jordanian
  • Lebanese
  • Palestinian
  • Syrian
Possible
Chinese Sign
Chilean-Paraguayan-
Uruguayan Sign
Paraguayan-
Uruguayan Sign
Francosign
American
(ASLic)
Indonesian (Nusantaric)
Francophone African
(Françafrosign)
  • Ethiopian
  • Chadian
  • Ghanaian
  • Guinean
  • Bamako (LaSiMa)
  • Moroccan
  • Nigerian
  • Sierra Leonean
Mixed, Hand Talk
Mixed, Hoailona ʻŌlelo
  • Creole Hawaiʻi Sign Language (CHSL)
Mixed, French (LSF)
Austro-
Hungarian
Russian Sign
Yugoslavic Sign
Dutch Sign
Italian Sign
Mexican Sign
Old Belgian
Danish (Tegnic)
Viet-Thai
Hand Talk
  • Great Basin
  • Northeast
  • Plains Sign Talk
  • Southeast
  • Southwest
Mixed, American (ASL)
Plateau
Indo-Pakistani
Sign
  • Bangalore-Madras
  • Beluchistan
  • Bengali
  • Bombay
  • Calcutta
  • Delhi
  • Nepali
  • North West Frontier Province
  • Punjab-Sindh
Japanese Sign
Kentish[c]
Maya (Meemul Tziij /
Meemul Ch'aab'al)
  • Highland Maya
  • Yucatec
    • Chicán
    • Nohkop
    • Nohya
    • Trascorral
    • Cepeda Peraza
NW Eurosign
BANZSL
Swedish Sign
German Sign
Original Thai Sign
Paget Gorman
Providencia–
Cayman Sign
Isolates
Other groupings
By region[a]
Sign languages by region
Africa
Algeria
Algerian
Ghardaia
Cameroon
Maroua
Cape Verde
Cape Verdian (LGC)
Ghana
Adamorobe (AdaSL / Mumu kasa)
Nanabin
Ivory Coast
Bouakako (LaSiBo)
Kenya
Kenyan
Malawi
Malawian
Mali
Bamako (LaSiMa)
Berbey
Tebul
Mozambique
Mozambican
Nigeria
Bura
Hausa (Magannar Hannu)
Rwanda
Rwandan (Amarenga)
São Tomé and Príncipe
São Tomé and Príncipean (LGSTP)
Senegal
Mbour
Somalia, Somaliland & Djibouti
Somali
South Africa
South African
Tanzania
Tanzanian
Uganda
Ugandan
Zambia
Zambian
Asia
Europe
Armenia
Armenian
Austria
Austrian
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani
Belgium
Flemish
French Belgian
United Kingdom
British
Croatia
Croatian
Denmark
Danish
Faroese (Teknmál)
Estonia
Estonian
Finland
Finnish
France
Ghardaia
French
Lyons
Georgia
Georgian
Germany
German
Greece
Greek
Hungary
Hungarian
Iceland
Icelandic
Ireland
Irish
Italy
Italian
Kosovo
Yugoslav (Kosovar)
Latvia
Latvian
Lithuania
Lithuanian
Moldova
Russian
Netherlands
Dutch
North Macedonia
Macedonian
Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland
Norway
Norwegian
Poland
Polish
Portugal
Portuguese
Russia
Russian
Slovenia
Slovenian
Spain
Catalan
Spanish
Valencian
Sweden
Swedish
Switzerland
Swiss-German
Turkey
Central Taurus (CTSL/OTİD)
Mardin
Turkish
Ukraine
Ukrainian
North and
Central
America
Oceania
South America
International
ASL
Extinct
languages
Linguistics
Fingerspelling
Writing
Language
contact
Signed Oral
Languages
Others
Media
Persons
Organisations
Miscellaneous
^a Sign-language names reflect the region of origin. Natural sign languages are not related to the spoken language used in the same region. For example, French Sign Language originated in France, but is not related to French. Conversely, ASL and BSL both originated in English-speaking countries but are not related to each other; ASL however is related to French Sign Language.

^b Denotes the number (if known) of languages within the family. No further information is given on these languages.

^c Italics indicate extinct languages.


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