Pholedrine
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| Trade names | Paredrinol, Presoitan, Pulsotyl, Veritain, Veritol |
| Other names | 4-Hydroxy-N-methylamphetamine; 4-HMA; 4-Hydroxymethamphetamine; para-Hydroxymethamphetamine; PHMA; Hydroxymethamphetamine |
| Routes of administration | Topical (ocular) |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.006.114 Edit this at Wikidata |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C10H15NO |
| Molar mass | 165.236 g·mol−1 |
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Pholedrine, also known as 4-hydroxy-N-methylamphetamine and sold under the brand names Paredrinol, Pulsotyl, and Veritol among others, is a sympathomimetic drug used in topical eye drops to dilate the pupil.[1] [2] [3] It can be used to diagnose Horner's syndrome.[3]
In 2004, it remained marketed only in Germany.[1]
Pharmacology
[edit ]Pharmacodynamics
[edit ]Pholedrine is described as a sympathomimetic, antihypotensive, and ephedrine-like agent.[4] [1] [5]
Chemistry
[edit ]Pholedrine, also known as 4-hydroxy-N-methylamphetamine, is a substituted phenethylamine and amphetamine derivative.[4] [1] It is structurally related to methamphetamine (N-methylamphetamine), norpholedrine (4-hydroxyamphetamine), oxilofrine (4,β-dihydroxy-N-methylamphetamine), and tyramine (4-hydroxyphenethylamine).
It is used pharmaceutically as the sulfate salt.[1] [4]
The predicted log P of pholedrine ranges from 1.12 to 1.7.[2] [6] [7]
History
[edit ]Pholedrine was synthesized by 1951.[4]
Society and culture
[edit ]Names
[edit ]Pholedrine is the generic name of the drug and its INN Tooltip International Nonproprietary Name, BAN Tooltip British Approved Name, and DCF Tooltip Dénomination Commune Française, while foledrina is its DCIT Tooltip Denominazione Comune Italiana.[4] [1] [5] The drug has been sold under brand names including Pholedrin Liquidum, Pholedrin-Longo-Isis, Presoitan, Veritain, and Veritol among others.[4] [1]
Other drugs
[edit ]Pholedrine (4-hydroxymethamphetamine) is also a major metabolite of methamphetamine.
References
[edit ]- ^ a b c d e f g Schweizerischer Apotheker-Verein (2004). Index Nominum: International Drug Directory. Medpharm Scientific Publishers. p. 969. ISBN 978-3-88763-101-7 . Retrieved 30 August 2024.
- ^ a b "Pholedrine". National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
- ^ a b Bates AT, Chamberlain S, Champion M, Foley L, Hughes E, Jani B, et al. (February 1995). "Pholedrine: a substitute for hydroxyamphetamine as a diagnostic eyedrop test in Horner's syndrome". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 58 (2): 215–217. doi:10.1136/jnnp.58.2.215. PMC 1073320 . PMID 7876854.
- ^ a b c d e f Elks J (2014). The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies. Springer US. p. 794. ISBN 978-1-4757-2085-3 . Retrieved 30 August 2024.
- ^ a b Morton IK, Hall JM (2012). Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents: Properties and Synonyms. Springer Netherlands. p. 219. ISBN 978-94-011-4439-1 . Retrieved 30 August 2024.
- ^ "Metabolite 4-hydroxymethamphetamine". DrugBank Online. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
- ^ "Pholedrine". ChemSpider. 21 July 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2024.