Ot Danum language
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Austronesian language spoken in Kalimantan, Indonesia
| Ot Danum | |
|---|---|
| Dohoi | |
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | Kalimantan |
| Ethnicity | Ot Danum people |
Native speakers | 79,000 (2007)[1] |
Austronesian
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | otd |
| Glottolog | otda1235 |
Ot Danum is a Barito language of the central Borneo, Indonesia, spoken by the Ot Danum people. Dialects include Cihie and Dohoi.[2]
Phonology
[edit ]Consonants
[edit ]| Labial | Alveolar | (Alveolo-) palatal |
Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |
| Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | t͡ɕ | k |
| voiced | b | d | d͡ʑ | g | |
| Fricative | β | (s ) | ɕ | h | |
| Rhotic | trill | r | |||
| tap | ɾ | ||||
| Approximant | j | ||||
- /ɕ/ may also be heard as [s] in free variation. In word-final position, it can be approximantized as [ɕ̞].
- /ɾ/ can be heard as [l] in word-final position.
- Prenasalization is said to also occur among voiced stops /b, d, d͡ʑ, ɡ/ in word-initial and intervocalic positions as [mb, nd, ɲd͡ʑ, ŋɡ].
- Stop sounds /p, t, k/ in word-final position are heard as unreleased [p̚, t̚, k̚].
- /h/ is heard as labialized [hw] when occurring anywhere within the position of /u/, and heard as a fronted velar [x̟] when occurring in the position of /i/.
Consonant fronting
[edit ]Consonant fronting as well as laminalizing occurs among the following consonants when anywhere within the position of /i/. The allophones are heard as following:
| Phoneme | Allophone |
|---|---|
| /t/ | [t̪] |
| /d/ | [n̪d̪], [d̪] |
| /n/ | [n̪] |
| /r/ | [r̪] |
| /ɾ/ | [ɾ̪] |
| /nd/ | [n̪d̪] |
| /t͡ɕ/ | [t͡ɕ̻] |
| /d͡ʑ/ | [ɲ̻d͡ʑ̻], [d͡ʑ̻] |
| /ɕ/ | [ɕ̻] |
| /ɲ/ | [ɲ̻] |
| /j/ | [j̟] |
| /k/ | [k̟] |
| /ɡ/ | [ŋ̟ɡ̟], [ɡ̟] |
| /ŋ/ | [ŋ̟] |
| /h/ | [x̟] |
Vowels
[edit ]| Front | Central | Back |
|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u |
| Mid | e | o |
| Open | a |
- /a/ can also be heard as [ɐ] in free variation.
- /i, u/ are heard as [ɪ, ʊ] when preceding a vowel.[3]
References
[edit ]- ^ Ot Danum at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Bamba, John (ed.) (2008). Mozaik Dayak keberagaman subsuku dan bahasa Dayak di Kalimantan Barat. Pontianak: Institut Dayakologi. ISBN 978-979-97788-5-7.
- ^ Inagaki, Kazuya (2005). Phonemic sketch of Dohoi/Kadorih. Kyoto University Linguistic Research 24: Kyoto University Research Information Repository. pp. 15–43.
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