Merap language
| Merap | |
|---|---|
| Mbraa / Mpraa | |
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | Langap [id], South Malinau, Malinau, North Kalimantan |
| Ethnicity | Merap |
Native speakers | (200 cited 1981)[1] |
Austronesian
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | puc |
| Glottolog | mera1243 |
| ELP | Punan Merap |
Merap (Mbraa) is an Austronesian language, spoken in the village of Langap [id] in South Malinau district, Malinau Regency, North Kalimantan, Indonesia.[2] Soriente (2015) classifies Mbraa (also known as Merap) as a Kayan–Murik (Modang-Bahau) language.
Phonology
[edit ]Merap phonology has departed significantly from Proto-Malayo Polynesian. Merap stress is word-final, and word shape is sesquisyllabic (a minor penultimate syllable followed by a stressed full ultima). The number of vowel contrasts has increased significantly as well. Where Proto-Malayo-Polynesian had four vowels (*i, *u, *a, and *ə) Merap has well over twenty contrasts, including diphthongs, triphthongs, and nasality distinctions.
Consonants
[edit ]| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | p b | t d | c ɟ | k ɡ | ʔ |
| Fricative | s | h | |||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |
| Lateral | l | ||||
| Trill | r |
- /b/ is pronounced as implosive [ɓ] in the offset of final syllables.[3]
- /ɡ/ except after /ŋ/ is rare, and occurs only in loanwords.[4]
Vowels
[edit ]| Front | Central | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| short | long | ||||
| Close | i | u | |||
| Mid | ɛ | ə | o | ||
| Open | a | aː | |||
| Diphthongs | closing | iwɛjəwae̯ai̯ao̯au̯ojuj | |||
| centering | iə̯aə̯uə̯ | ||||
| nasalised | ĩə̯ãə̯ũə̯ | ||||
| Triphthongs | ɛjə̯ajə̯awə̯ojə̯ | ||||
References
[edit ]Notes
[edit ]- ^ Merap at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Smith 2017, p. 143.
- ^ Smith 2017, p. 157.
- ^ a b Smith 2017, p. 160.
Bibliography
[edit ]- Smith, Alexander D. (2017). "Merap Historical Phonology" (PDF). Oceanic Linguistics. 56 (1).
- Soriente, Antonia. 2015. Mbraa: A Modang-Bahau language? Presentation given at 13-ICAL, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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