- 🇬🇧 Xenon
- 🇺🇦 Ксенон
- 🇨🇳 氙
- 🇳🇱 Xenon
- 🇫🇷 Xénon
- 🇩🇪 Xenon
- 🇮🇱 קסנון
- 🇮🇹 Xeno
- 🇯🇵 キセノン
- 🇵🇹 Xênon
- 🇪🇸 Xenón
- 🇸🇪 Xenon
- 🇷🇺 Ксенон
- Name: xenon
- Symbol: Xe
- Atomic number: 54
- Relative atomic mass (Ar): 131.293 (6) g, m [see note g
- Standard state: gas at 298 K
- Appearance: colourless
- Classification: Non-metallic
- Group in periodic table: 18
- Group name: Noble gas
- Period in periodic table: 5
- Block in periodic table: p
- Shell structure: 2.8.18.18.8
- CAS Registry: 7440-63-3
Xenon atoms have 54 electrons and the shell structure is 2.8.18.18.8. The ground state electronic configuration of neutral xenon is [Kr].4d10.5s2.5p6 and the term symbol of xenon is 1S0.
Xenon: description
Xenon is a "noble" or "inert" gas present in the atmosphere to a small extent. Xenon is present in the Martian atmosphere to the extent of about 0.08 ppm. Before 1962, it was generally assumed that xenon and other noble gases were unable to form compounds. Among the compounds of xenon now reported are xenon hydrate, sodium perxenate, xenon deuterate, difluoride, tetrafluoride, hexafluoride, and XePtF6 and XeRhF6. The highly explosive xenon trioxide, XeO3, is known.
Metallic xenon is produced by applying several hundred kilobars of pressure. Xenon in a vacuum tube produces a blue glow when excited by an electrical discharge and finds use in strobe lamps. It is an odourless, colourless, inert gas.
xenon
Image adapted with permission from Prof James Marshall's (U. North Texas, USA) Walking Tour of the elements CD.
Xenon: physical properties
- Density of the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table Density of solid: 3640 kg m-3
- Molar volume of the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table Molar volume: 35.92 cm3
- Thermal conductivity of the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table Thermal conductivity: 0.00569 (gas) W m‑1 K‑1
Xenon: heat properties
- Melting point on a miniature periodic table spark table Melting point: 161.4 [‑111.7 °C (‑169.1 °F)] K
- Boiling point on a miniature periodic table spark table Boiling point: 165.1 [‑108 °C (‑162 °F)] K
- Enthalpy of fusion on a miniature periodic table spark table Enthalpy of fusion: 20.5 kJ mol-1
Xenon: atom sizes
- Atomic radius (empirical) of the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table Atomic radius (empirical): (no data) pm
- Covalent (single bond) radius on a periodic table spark table Molecular single bond covalent radius: 131 (coordination number 1,2) ppm
- van der Waals radius on a periodic table spark table van der Waals radius: 206 ppm
Xenon: electronegativities
- Pauling electronegativity of the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table Pauling electronegativity: 2.6 (Pauling units)
- Allred-Rochow electronegativity of the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark tableAllred Rochow electronegativity: 2.40 (Pauling units)
- Mulliken-Jaffe electronegativity of the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark tableMulliken-Jaffe electronegativity: 2.73 (12.5% s orbital)
Xenon: orbital properties
- First ionization energy the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table First ionisation energy: 1170.35 kJ mol‑1
- Second ionization energy the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table Second ionisation energy: 2023.8 kJ mol‑1
- Third ionization energy the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table Third ionisation energy: 2996 kJ mol‑1
Xenon: abundances
- Chemical elements abundance by weight in the universe on a miniature periodic table spark tableUniverse: 10 ppb by weight
- Chemical elements abundance by weight in the earth's crust on a miniature periodic table spark tableCrustal rocks: 0.020 ppb by weight
- Chemical elements abundance by weight in humans on a miniature periodic table spark tableHuman: (no data) ppb by weight
Xenon: crystal structure
Xenon: biological data
- Human abundance by weight of the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table Human abundance by weight: (no data) ppb by weight
Xenon has no biological role.
Xenon: uses
Xenon: reactions
Reactions of xenon as the element with air, water, halogens, acids, and bases where known.
Xenon: binary compounds
Binary compounds with halogens (known as halides), oxygen (known as oxides), hydrogen (known as hydrides), and other compounds of xenon where known.
Xenon: compound properties
Bond strengths; lattice energies of xenon halides, hydrides, oxides (where known); and reduction potentials where known.
Xenon: history
Xenon was discovered by Sir William Ramsay, Morris W. Travers in 1898 at England. Origin of name: from the Greek word "xenos" meaning "stranger".Xenon: isotopes
Of the nine stable Xenon isotopes, several are used in various medical and scientific applications. Xe-124 is used in the production of two radioisotopes: I-123 and I-125. I-123 is used extensively in diagnostic procedures while I-125 is used in the treatment of prostate cancer. Hyperpolarized Xe-129 is used in the magnetic resonance imaging of gas flows in the lungs. Xe-136 has been proposed as a detector for neutrinoless double Beta decay research. Xe-126 can be used as a target for the production of radioactive Ba-128.
Xenon: isolation
Isolation: xenon is present to a small extent in the atmosphere (less than 1 ppm by volume) and is obtained as a byproduct from the liquefaction and separation of air. This would not normally be carried out in the laboratory and xenon is available commercially in cylinders at high pressure.