- 🇬🇧 Plutonium
- 🇺🇦 Плутоній
- 🇨🇳 鈽
- 🇳🇱 Plutonium
- 🇫🇷 Plutonium
- 🇩🇪 Plutonium
- 🇮🇱 פלוטוניום
- 🇮🇹 Plutonio
- 🇯🇵 プルトニウム
- 🇵🇹 Plutônio
- 🇪🇸 Plutonio
- 🇸🇪 Plutonium
- 🇷🇺 Плутоний
- Name: plutonium
- Symbol: Pu
- Atomic number: 94
- Relative atomic mass (Ar): [ 244 ] (longest lived isotope)
- Standard state: solid at 298 K
- Appearance: silvery white
- Classification: Metallic
- Group in periodic table:
- Group name: Actinoid
- Period in periodic table: 7 (actinoid)
- Block in periodic table: f
- Shell structure: 2.8.18.32.24.8.2
- CAS Registry: 7440年07月5日
Plutonium atoms have 94 electrons and the shell structure is 2.8.18.32.24.8.2. The ground state electronic configuration of neutral plutonium is [Rn].5f6.7s2 and the term symbol of plutonium is 7F0.
Plutonium: description
Plutonium was the second transuranium element of the actinide series to be discovered. By far of greatest importance is the isotope 239Pu, which has a half-life of more than 20000 years. One kilogram is equivalent to about 22 million kilowatt hours of heat energy. The complete detonation of a kilogram of plutonium produces an explosion equal to about 20000 tons of chemical explosive. The various nuclear applications of plutonium are well known. The isotope 233Pu was used in the American Apollo lunar missions to power seismic and other equipment on the lunar surface. Plutonium contamination is an emotive environmental problem.
plutonium dioxide
Plutonium dioxide, PuO2. Image adapted with permission from Prof James Marshall's (U. North Texas, USA) Walking Tour of the elements CD.
Plutonium: physical properties
- Density of the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table Density of solid: 19816 kg m-3
- Molar volume of the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table Molar volume: 12.29 cm3
- Thermal conductivity of the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table Thermal conductivity: 6 W m‑1 K‑1
Plutonium: heat properties
- Melting point on a miniature periodic table spark table Melting point: 912.5 [639.4 °C (1182.9 °F)] K
- Boiling point on a miniature periodic table spark table Boiling point: 3503 [3230 °C (5846 °F)] K
- Enthalpy of fusion on a miniature periodic table spark table Enthalpy of fusion: 20.5 kJ mol-1
Plutonium: atom sizes
- Atomic radius (empirical) of the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table Atomic radius (empirical): 175 pm
- Covalent (single bond) radius on a periodic table spark table Molecular single bond covalent radius: 172 (coordination number 3) ppm
- van der Waals radius on a periodic table spark table van der Waals radius: (no data) ppm
Plutonium: electronegativities
- Pauling electronegativity of the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table Pauling electronegativity: 1.28 (Pauling units)
- Allred-Rochow electronegativity of the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark tableAllred Rochow electronegativity: 1.22 (Pauling units)
- Mulliken-Jaffe electronegativity of the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark tableMulliken-Jaffe electronegativity: (no data)
Plutonium: orbital properties
- First ionization energy the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table First ionisation energy: 581.40 kJ mol‑1
- Second ionization energy the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table Second ionisation energy: 1110 kJ mol‑1
- Third ionization energy the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table Third ionisation energy: 2040 kJ mol‑1
Plutonium: abundances
- Chemical elements abundance by weight in the universe on a miniature periodic table spark tableUniverse: (no data) ppb by weight
- Chemical elements abundance by weight in the earth's crust on a miniature periodic table spark tableCrustal rocks: (no data) ppb by weight
- Chemical elements abundance by weight in humans on a miniature periodic table spark tableHuman: (no data) ppb by weight
Plutonium: crystal structure
Plutonium: biological data
- Human abundance by weight of the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table Human abundance by weight: (no data) ppb by weight
Plutonium has no biological role.
Plutonium: uses
Plutonium: reactions
Reactions of plutonium as the element with air, water, halogens, acids, and bases where known.
Plutonium: binary compounds
Binary compounds with halogens (known as halides), oxygen (known as oxides), hydrogen (known as hydrides), and other compounds of plutonium where known.
Plutonium: compound properties
Bond strengths; lattice energies of plutonium halides, hydrides, oxides (where known); and reduction potentials where known.
Plutonium: history
Plutonium was discovered by Glenn T. Seaborg , J. W. Kennedy, E. M. McMillan, A. C. Wahl in 1940 at USA. Origin of name: named after "the planet Pluto".Plutonium: isotopes
Plutonium: isolation
Isolation: coming soon!