- 🇬🇧 Tungsten
- 🇺🇦 Вольфрам
- 🇨🇳 鎢
- 🇳🇱 Wolfraam
- 🇫🇷 Tungstène
- 🇩🇪 Wolfram
- 🇮🇱 טונגסטן
- 🇮🇹 Tungsteno (wolframio)
- 🇯🇵 タングステン
- 🇵🇹 Tungstênio
- 🇪🇸 Wolframio
- 🇸🇪 Volfram
- 🇷🇺 Вольфрам
- Name: tungsten
- Symbol: W
- Atomic number: 74
- Relative atomic mass (Ar): 183.84 (1)
- Standard state: solid at 298 K
- Appearance: greyish white, lustrous
- Classification: Metallic
- Group in periodic table: 6
- Group name: (none)
- Period in periodic table: 6
- Block in periodic table: d
- Shell structure: 2.8.18.32.12.2
- CAS Registry: 7440-33-7
Tungsten atoms have 74 electrons and the shell structure is 2.8.18.32.12.2. The ground state electronic configuration of neutral tungsten is [Xe].4f14.5d4.6s2 and the term symbol of tungsten is 5D0.
Tungsten: description
Pure tungsten is a steel-gray to tin-white metal. Tungsten has the highest melting point and lowest vapour pressure of all metals, and at temperatures over 1650°C has the highest tensile strength. The metal oxidises in air and must be protected at elevated temperatures. It has excellent corrosion resistance and is attacked only slightly by most mineral acids.
tungsten wire
Small and large samples of tungsten wire like this, as well as foil, sheet, wire straight cut lengths, insulated wire, and mesh (and tungsten alloys in wire form), can be purchased from Advent Research Materials via their web catalogue.
Tungsten: physical properties
- Density of the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table Density of solid: 19250 kg m-3
- Molar volume of the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table Molar volume: 9.47 cm3
- Thermal conductivity of the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table Thermal conductivity: 174 W m‑1 K‑1
Tungsten: heat properties
- Melting point on a miniature periodic table spark table Melting point: 3695 [3422 °C (6192 °F)] K
- Boiling point on a miniature periodic table spark table Boiling point: 5828 [5555 °C (10031 °F)] K
- Enthalpy of fusion on a miniature periodic table spark table Enthalpy of fusion: 20.5 kJ mol-1
Tungsten: atom sizes
- Atomic radius (empirical) of the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table Atomic radius (empirical): 135 pm
- Covalent (single bond) radius on a periodic table spark table Molecular single bond covalent radius: 137 (coordination number 6) ppm
- van der Waals radius on a periodic table spark table van der Waals radius: 249 ppm
Tungsten: electronegativities
- Pauling electronegativity of the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table Pauling electronegativity: 2.36 (Pauling units)
- Allred-Rochow electronegativity of the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark tableAllred Rochow electronegativity: 1.40 (Pauling units)
- Mulliken-Jaffe electronegativity of the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark tableMulliken-Jaffe electronegativity: (no data)
Tungsten: orbital properties
- First ionization energy the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table First ionisation energy: 758.76 kJ mol‑1
- Second ionization energy the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table Second ionisation energy: 1580 kJ mol‑1
- Third ionization energy the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table Third ionisation energy: 2510 kJ mol‑1
Tungsten: abundances
- Chemical elements abundance by weight in the universe on a miniature periodic table spark tableUniverse: 0.5 ppb by weight
- Chemical elements abundance by weight in the earth's crust on a miniature periodic table spark tableCrustal rocks: 1100 ppb by weight
- Chemical elements abundance by weight in humans on a miniature periodic table spark tableHuman: (no data) ppb by weight
Tungsten: crystal structure
Tungsten: biological data
- Human abundance by weight of the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table Human abundance by weight: (no data) ppb by weight
Tungsten has a limited biological role. A number of enzymes (oxidoreductases) employ tungsten in a way related to molybdenum, (using tungsten.pterin complex). The structure of a tungstoenzyme aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase is known (Protein Data Bank code 1AOR).
Tungsten: uses
Tungsten: reactions
Reactions of tungsten as the element with air, water, halogens, acids, and bases where known.
Tungsten: binary compounds
Binary compounds with halogens (known as halides), oxygen (known as oxides), hydrogen (known as hydrides), and other compounds of tungsten where known.
Tungsten: compound properties
Bond strengths; lattice energies of tungsten halides, hydrides, oxides (where known); and reduction potentials where known.
Tungsten: history
Tungsten was discovered by Fausto and Juan Jose de Elhuyar in 1783 at Spain. Origin of name: from the Swedish words "tung sten" meaning "heavy stone" (the origin of the symbol W is "wolfram ", named after the tungsten mineral wolframite).Tungsten: isotopes
Tungsten isotopes are used in several applications. W-180 is used for the production of the therapeutic radioisotope W-181. W-186 is used for the production of W-188 which is used in so-called Tungsten-Rhenium generators. The W-188 daughter Re-188 is (milked( from there generators and used as a therapeutic radioisotope. W-184 has been used to study the elastic and inelastic scattering of heavy ions.
Tungsten: isolation
Isolation: coming soon!