This study aimed to develop a measure of children's listening ability in the classroom and to examine its reliability and validity. In the Elementary School Course of Study Commentary (2008), children's listening ability in the classroom was defined as the ability to "listen" to instruction. The following factors were extracted from factor analyses: factor 1 "Advanced listening comprehension" and factor 2 "Basic listening comprehension," and these were developed into a scale consisting of a total of ten items, with five items under each factor. The validity was confirmed through the method of nomination and factor analysis for verification.