佳
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 隹
Translingual
[edit ]| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 8 strokes | |||
Han character
[edit ]佳 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+6, 8 strokes, Cangjie input 人土土 (OGG), four-corner 24214, composition ⿰亻 圭 )
Derived characters
[edit ]Descendants
[edit ]References
[edit ]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 100, character 18
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 557
- Dae Jaweon: page 212, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 143, character 16
- Unihan data for U+4F73
Chinese
[edit ]| simp. and trad. |
佳 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
[edit ]| Historical forms of the character 佳 |
|---|
|
References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
|
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 街 | *kreː, *kreː |
| 鞋 | *ɡreː, *ɡreː, *ɡreː |
| 娾 | *ŋreː, *ŋreːʔ |
| 佳 | *kreː |
| 鮭 | *ɡreː, *kweː, *khweː |
| 涯 | *ŋreː, *ŋre |
| 崖 | *ŋreː, *ŋre |
| 啀 | *ŋreː |
| 厓 | *ŋreː |
| 捱 | *ŋreː |
| 睚 | *ŋreːs |
| 娃 | *qreː |
| 洼 | *qreː, *qwraː, *kweː |
| 哇 | *qreː, *qwraː |
| 胿 | *ɡeː, *kweː |
| 溎 | *qeːns |
| 觟 | *ɡwraːʔ |
| 黊 | *ɡwraːʔ, *ɡwreːs, *ɡweː |
| 蘳 | *ɡwraːʔ, *qhwe |
| 蛙 | *qwraː, *qwreː |
| 窪 | *qwraː |
| 卦 | *kwreːs |
| 挂 | *kwreːs |
| 掛 | *kwreːs |
| 詿 | *kwreːs, *ɡwreːs |
| 罣 | *kwreːs, *ɡwreːs, *kweːs |
| 絓 | *khwreː, *ɡwreːs |
| 鼃 | *ɢwreː, *qwreː |
| 圭 | *kweː |
| 珪 | *kweː |
| 邽 | *kweː |
| 閨 | *kweː |
| 袿 | *kweː |
| 窐 | *kweː, *ɡweː |
| 茥 | *kweː, *khweː |
| 桂 | *kweːs |
| 筀 | *kweːs |
| 奎 | *khweː |
| 刲 | *khweː |
| 蝰 | *khweː |
| 楏 | *khweː |
| 睳 | *qhweː |
| 畦 | *ɡweː |
| 眭 | *ɡweː, *sqhwe, *qhwe, *qhwi |
| 烓 | *qweː, *khweːŋʔ |
| 跬 | *khweʔ |
| 恚 | *qwes |
| 硅 | *qhwreɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声 , OC *kreː): semantic 人 ("man; person") + phonetic 圭 (OC *kweː).
Pronunciation
[edit ]- Mandarin
- (Standard )
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin ): jia1
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin ): jiǎ
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin ): jià
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping ): gaai1
- (Dongguan, Jyutping++ ): gaai1
- (Taishan, Wiktionary ): gai1
- Gan (Wiktionary ): ga1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary ): jia1
- Northern Min (KCR ): gá
- Eastern Min (BUC ): gă
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing ): ga1 / ge1
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++ ): gaai1
- Wu (Wugniu )
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary ): jia1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese )+
- Hanyu Pinyin : jiā
- Zhuyin : ㄐㄧㄚ
- Tongyong Pinyin : jia
- Wade–Giles : chia1
- Yale : jyā
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh : jia
- Palladius : цзя (czja)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ä55/
- (Chengdu )
- Sichuanese Pinyin : jia1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz : gia
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕia55/
- (Xi'an )
- Guanzhong Pinyin : jiǎ
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕia21/
- (Nanjing )
- Nanjing Pinyin : jià
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): jia1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕia31/
- (Standard Chinese )+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong )
- Jyutping : gaai1
- Yale : gāai
- Cantonese Pinyin : gaai1
- Guangdong Romanization : gai1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaːi̯55/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng )
- Jyutping++ : gaai1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kai213/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng )
- Wiktionary : gai1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kai33/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong )
- Gan
- (Nanchang )
- Wiktionary : ga1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ka42/
- (Nanchang )
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu )
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ : kâ
- Hakka Romanization System : gaˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim : ga1
- Sinological IPA: /ka24/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong )
- Hakka Romanization System : gaˋ
- Sinological IPA: /ka53/
- (Meixian )
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu )
- Jin
- (Taiyuan )+
- Wiktionary : jia1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕia11/
- (Taiyuan )+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou )
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized : gá
- Sinological IPA (key): /ka54/
- (Jian'ou )
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou )
- Bàng-uâ-cê : gă
- Sinological IPA (key): /ka55/
- (Fuzhou )
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri, Donghai )
- Pouseng Ping'ing : ga1
- Bán-uā-ci̍ : ga
- Sinological IPA (key): /ka533/
- (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting )
- Pouseng Ping'ing : ga1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ka544/
- (Putian )
- Pouseng Ping'ing : ge1
- Bán-uā-ci̍ : ga̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /ke533/
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri, Donghai )
Note:
- ga1 - literary;
- ge1 - vernacular.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien : Xiamen , Quanzhou , Zhangzhou )
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī : kai
- Tâi-lô : kai
- Phofsit Daibuun : kay
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen , Zhangzhou ): /kai44/
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou ): /kai33/
- (Hokkien : Xiamen , Quanzhou , General Taiwanese )
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī : ka
- Tâi-lô : ka
- Phofsit Daibuun : kaf
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen , Taipei , Kaohsiung ): /ka44/
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou ): /ka33/
- (Hokkien : Zhangzhou )
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī : kee
- Tâi-lô : kee
- Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou ): /kɛ44/
- (Teochew )
- Peng'im : gia1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kia
- Sinological IPA (key): /kia33/
- (Leizhou )
- Leizhou Pinyin: gai1
- Sinological IPA: /kai35/
- (Hokkien : Xiamen , Quanzhou , Zhangzhou )
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi )
- Jyutping++ : gaai1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kai53/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi )
- Wu
- (Northern : Shanghai , Jiading , Songjiang , Suzhou , Changzhou , Jiaxing , Hangzhou , Ningbo , Zhoushan )
- Wugniu : 1cia
- MiniDict : cia平
- Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 1jia
- Sinological IPA (Shanghai ): /t͡ɕia53/
- Sinological IPA (Jiading ): /t͡ɕia53/
- Sinological IPA (Songjiang ): /ciɑ53/
- Sinological IPA (Suzhou ): /t͡ɕiɑ44/
- Sinological IPA (Changzhou ): /t͡ɕia55/
- Sinological IPA (Jiaxing ): /t͡ɕia53/
- Sinological IPA (Hangzhou ): /t͡ɕiɑ334/
- Sinological IPA (Ningbo ): /t͡ɕia52/
- Sinological IPA (Zhoushan ): /t͡ɕia53/
- (Northern : Shanghai )
- Wugniu : 5cia
- MiniDict : cia去
- Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 2jia
- Sinological IPA (Shanghai ): /t͡ɕia34/
- (Northern : Jiading )
- (Northern : Shaoxing )
- (Northern : Shaoxing )
- (Jinhua )
- (Northern : Shanghai , Jiading , Songjiang , Suzhou , Changzhou , Jiaxing , Hangzhou , Ningbo , Zhoushan )
Note:
- Jiading:
- 1cia - literary;
- 1ka - vernacular.
- Shaoxing:
- 3cia - literary;
- 3cio - vernacular.
- Jinhua:
- 1cia - literary;
- 1kua - vernacular.
- Xiang
- (Changsha )
- Wiktionary : jia1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯a̠33/
- (Changsha )
- Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | 佳 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕia55/ |
| Harbin | /t͡ɕia44/ | |
| Tianjin | /t͡ɕiɑ21/ | |
| Jinan | /t͡ɕia213/ | |
| Qingdao | /t͡ɕia213/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕia53/ | |
| Xi'an | /t͡ɕia21/ | |
| Xining | /t͡ɕia44/ | |
| Yinchuan | /t͡ɕia44/ | |
| Lanzhou | /t͡ɕia31/ | |
| Ürümqi | /t͡ɕia44/ | |
| Wuhan | /t͡ɕia55/ | |
| Chengdu | /t͡ɕia55/ | |
| Guiyang | /t͡ɕia55/ | |
| Kunming | /t͡ɕia̠44/ | |
| Nanjing | /t͡ɕiɑ31/ | |
| Hefei | /t͡ɕia21/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕia11/ |
| Pingyao | /t͡ɕiɑ13/ | |
| Hohhot | /t͡ɕia31/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕia53/ |
| Suzhou | /t͡ɕiɑ55/ | |
| Hangzhou | /t͡ɕiɑ33/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ko33/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕia31/ |
| Tunxi | /kɔ11/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕia33/ |
| Xiangtan | /t͡ɕiɒ33/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /kɑ42/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ka44/ |
| Taoyuan | /kɑ24/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kai53/ |
| Nanning | /kai55/ | |
| Hong Kong | /kai53/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kai55/ /ka55/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ka44/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ka54/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /kia33/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /kai23/ |
- Middle Chinese: kea
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 佳 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 佳 (31) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 古 膎切 |
| Baxter | kea |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kɣɛ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/kɯæ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/kæi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kaɨj/ |
| Li Rong |
/kɛ/ |
| Wang Li |
/kai/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren |
/kai/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
jiā |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
gaai1 |
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart ): /*[k]ʕre/
- (Zhengzhang ): /*kreː/
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 佳 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
jia |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ kɛ › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[k]ˁre/ |
| English | good |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 佳 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4531 |
| Phonetic component |
圭 |
| Rime group |
支 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
佳 |
| Old Chinese |
/*kreː/ |
Definitions
[edit ]佳
- (literary ) good; fine; excellent; favorable
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese ) beautiful; delightful; lovely
- 佳人 ― jiārén ― beautiful woman
- (〜日 ) (historical , telegraphy ) the ninth day of a month
- (historical dictionaries only ) to approve of; to be fond of; to appreciate
- a surname, Jia
Synonyms
[edit ]- (good):
- (beautiful):
Compounds
[edit ]- 不佳 (bùjiā)
- 乘龍佳婿 / 乘龙佳婿 (chénglóngjiāxù)
- 亂世佳人 / 乱世佳人
- 二八佳人 (èrbājiārén)
- 佳人 (jiārén)
- 佳人命薄
- 佳人才子
- 佳人薄命 (jiārénbómìng)
- 佳什
- 佳作 (jiāzuò)
- 佳佳 (jiājiā)
- 佳俠 / 佳侠
- 佳偶 (jiā'ǒu)
- 佳偶天成 (jiā'ǒutiānchéng)
- 佳兒 / 佳儿
- 佳兒佳婦 / 佳儿佳妇
- 佳兵
- 佳兵不祥
- 佳冬 (Jiādōng)
- 佳冬鄉 / 佳冬乡
- 佳冶
- 佳句 (jiājù)
- 佳器
- 佳城
- 佳境 (jiājìng)
- 佳士 (jiāshì)
- 佳婿
- 佳子
- 佳子弟
- 佳客
- 佳快
- 佳景
- 佳期 (jiāqī)
- 佳木 (Jiāmù)
- 佳木斯 (Jiāmùsī)
- 佳木斯市
- 佳本
- 佳林 (Jiālín)
- 佳構劇 / 佳构剧
- 佳氣 / 佳气
- 佳節 / 佳节 (jiājié)
- 佳績 / 佳绩 (jiājì)
- 佳美 (jiāměi)
- 佳耦
- 佳肴 (jiāyáo)
- 佳致
- 佳茗
- 佳評如潮 / 佳评如潮
- 佳話 / 佳话 (jiāhuà)
- 佳譽 / 佳誉
- 佳趣
- 佳釀 / 佳酿 (jiāniàng)
- 佳里 (Jiālǐ)
- 佳音 (jiāyīn)
- 佳餚 / 佳肴 (jiāyáo)
- 佳麗 / 佳丽 (jiālì)
- 最佳拍檔 / 最佳拍档
- 千秋佳城
- 唱作俱佳
- 學養俱佳 / 学养俱佳
- 尚佳
- 彌習彌佳 / 弥习弥佳
- 彭佳 (Péngjiā)
- 彭佳嶼 / 彭佳屿 (Péngjiāyǔ)
- 才子佳人 (cáizǐ jiārén)
- 欠佳 (qiànjiā)
- 漸入佳境 / 渐入佳境 (jiànrùjiājìng)
- 漸至佳境 / 渐至佳境
- 牛女佳期
- 珍饈佳餚 / 珍馐佳肴
- 百年佳偶
- 睠以佳耦
- 紅粉佳人 / 红粉佳人 (hóngfěnjiārén)
- 絕世佳人 / 绝世佳人
- 絕代佳人 / 绝代佳人
- 絕佳 / 绝佳 (juéjiā)
- 絕色佳人 / 绝色佳人 (juésèjiārén)
- 美酒佳肴
- 美饌佳餚 / 美馔佳肴
- 蕤賓佳節 / 蕤宾佳节
- 西湖佳話 / 西湖佳话
- 設帨佳辰 / 设帨佳辰
- 錦囊佳句 / 锦囊佳句
- 錦囊佳製 / 锦囊佳制
- 頗佳 / 颇佳
- 風流佳事 / 风流佳事
References
[edit ]- "佳", in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1] , 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), "佳", in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 149.
Japanese
[edit ]Kanji
[edit ]佳
(Jōyō kanji )
Readings
[edit ]- Go-on : け (ke )
- Kan-on : かい (kai )
- Kan’yō-on : か (ka , Jōyō )、けい (kei )
- Kun : よい (yoi , 佳い )
- Nanori : よし (yoshi )
Etymology
[edit ]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 佳 |
| か Grade: S |
| on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 佳 (MC kea).
Pronunciation
[edit ]Affix
[edit ]Korean
[edit ]Etymology
[edit ]From Middle Chinese 佳 (MC kea).
| Historical readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 갱 (Yale: {{{2}}}) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575 | 됴ᄒᆞᆯ (Yale: {{{2}}}) | 갱 (Yale: {{{2}}}) |
| Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 | 됴ᄒᆞᆯ (Yale: {{{2}}}) | 갱 (Yale: {{{2}}}) |
| Seokbong Cheonjamun, 1583 | 아ᄅᆞᆷ다올 (Yale: {{{2}}}) | 가 (Yale: {{{2}}}) |
Pronunciation
[edit ]- (SK Standard/Seoul ) IPA (key): [ka̠(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [가(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
[edit ]佳 (eumhun 아름다울 가 (areumdaul ga))
- hanja form? of 가 ("good; auspicious, beautiful, delightful ") [affix]
Compounds
[edit ]- 가객 (佳客 , gagaek)
- 가경 (佳境 , gagyeong)
- 가경 (佳景 , gagyeong)
- 가과 (佳果 , gagwa)
- 가구 (佳句 , gagu)
- 가국 (佳局 , gaguk)
- 가귀 (佳句 , gagwi)
- 가기 (佳器 , gagi)
- 가기 (佳期 , gagi)
- 가기 (佳氣 , gagi)
- 가명 (佳名 , gamyeong)
- 가미 (佳味 , gami)
- 가방 (佳芳 , gabang)
- 가배 (佳配 , gabae)
- 가붕 (佳朋 , gabung)
- 가빈 (佳賓 , gabin)
- 가사 (佳士 , gasa)
- 가사 (佳詞 , gasa)
- 가서 (佳壻 , gaseo)
- 가소 (佳宵 , gaso)
- 가승 (佳勝 , gaseung)
- 가신 (佳辰 , gasin)
- 가실 (佳實 , gasil)
- 가약 (佳約 , gayak)
- 가연 (佳宴 , gayeon)
- 가연 (佳緣 , gayeon)
- 가용 (佳容 , gayong)
- 가우 (佳偶 , gau)
- 가월 (佳月 , gawol)
- 가의 (佳意 , gaui)
- 가인 (佳人 , gain)
- 가인박명 (佳人薄命 , gainbangmyeong)
- 가일 (佳日 , gail)
- 가작 (佳作 , gajak)
- 가장 (佳章 , gajang)
- 가절 (佳節 , gajeol)
- 가조 (佳兆 , gajo)
- 가주 (佳酒 , gaju)
- 가찬 (佳饌 , gachan)
- 가품 (佳品 , gapum)
- 가향 (佳香 , gahyang)
- 가화 (佳話 , gahwa)
- 가흥 (佳興 , gaheung)
- 만추가경 (晩秋佳景 , manchugagyeong)
- 백년가기 (百年佳期 , baengnyeon'gagi)
- 백년가약 (百年佳約 , baengnyeon'gayak)
- 절대가인 (絶代佳人 , jeoldaegain)
- 절세가인 (絶世佳人 , jeolsegain)
- 점입가경 (漸入佳境 , jeomipgagyeong)
- 중추가절 (中秋佳節 , jungchugajeol)
Vietnamese
[edit ]Han character
[edit ]佳: Hán Việt readings: giai [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]
佳: Nôm readings: dai [4] [6] [7] , giai [4] [6] , lai [6] , trai [3] [6]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
References
[edit ]Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=佳&oldid=92720676"
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