Mapoyo language
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Extinct language of Venezuela
| Mapoyo | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Venezuela |
| Region | Suapure River |
| Ethnicity | 520 Mapoyo & Yabarana (2007)[1] |
Native speakers | 3? (2014)[2] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | mcg |
| Glottolog | mapo1246 |
| ELP | |
| This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. | |
Mapoyo is a Carib language spoken along the Suapure and Parguaza Rivers, Venezuela. The ethnic population of Mapoyo proper is about 365.
Phonology
[edit ]Consonants
[edit ]| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | p | t | k | ʔ |
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | |
| Fricative | β | s | h | |
| Rhotic | ɾ | |||
| Approximant | w | j |
- /h/ can be heard as a palatal [ç] when preceding a voiceless plosive.
- /n/ can be heard as a velar [ŋ] when preceding a velar /k/.
- /β/ can be heard as a voiced stop [b], when after a voiceless plosive or glottal /ʔ/.
- /s/ can be heard with an allophone of [ts] when word-initially, or after a glottal /ʔ/.
- /j/ can be heard as a voiced fricative [ʝ], when before a back vowel.
Vowels
[edit ]| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | ɨ | u |
| Mid | e | ɘ | o |
| Low | a |
- Sounds /i, u/ are reduced to [ɪ, ʊ] in syllable-final position.
- /ɘ/ is heard as a lower [ə] sound when preceding /h/, or following /β/.
- /a/ is heard as [ɑ] when occurring after an initial bilabial sound.[3]
References
[edit ]- ^ Mapoyo at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ "Context 30317: Mapoyo (Source: Personal communication about Mapoyo, Yawarana, Pémono, and Tamanaku) | Endangered Languages Project". www.endangeredlanguages.com. Retrieved 2025年09月29日.
- ^ Medina, Francia (1997). Introducción a la Fonética y a la Fonología Mapoyo (Caribe). Caracas: Universidad Central de Venezuela.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
- Granadillo, Tania. 2019. El mapoyo y la rama venezolana de lenguas caribes. Cadernos de Etnolingüística, volume 7, número 1, julho/2019, p. 43-55.
External links
[edit ]
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