Cơm tấm

Cơm tấm (Vietnamese: [kəːmtə̌m] ) is a Vietnamese dish made from rice with fractured rice grains. Tấm refers to the broken rice grains, while cơm refers to cooked rice.^{[1] [2]} Although there are varied names like cơm tấm Sài Gòn (Saigon broken rice), particularly for Saigon,^[1] the main ingredients remain the same for most cases.

In its early days, Cơm Tấm was a popular dish among poor rice farmers in the Mekong Delta due to their economic circumstances.^[3] During bad rice seasons, these people did not have enough good rice to sell, so they used broken rice to cook. Broken rice is fragments of rice grains broken during the handling processes and was regarded as inferior rice at the time.^[4] Broken rice was used solely because it was readily available in the farmers' houses and could fill their stomachs for a long time.^[3]

Since Vietnam's urbanization in the first half of the 20th century, Cơm Tấm became popular across Southern provinces, including Saigon.^{[5] [4] [6]} When Saigon was bustling with many people from many countries around the world, food sellers adapted Cơm Tấm to be more suitable for foreign customers like the French, American, Chinese, and Indian. As a result, grilled pork, chả trứng (Vietnamese-style steamed omelette with pork) was added to Cơm Tấm. Also, the portion started being served on plates with a fork instead of in traditional bowls with chopsticks.^{[3] [7]} Nowadays, Cơm Tấm is popular among everyone, and is a "standardized part of the [Saigon] culture",^{[5] [6]} so much that there is a common metaphorical saying (translated from Vietnamese): "Saigon people eat Cơm Tấm like Ha Noi people eat Pho".^{[8] [9] [10]}

Although there are many variations of Cơm Tấm that have different ingredients and styles, a popular, featured Cơm Tấm dish commonly known as "Cơm Tấm Sườn Bì Chả" has the following ingredients:^{[11] [12] [13] [14] [7] [15]}

• Broken Rice – a traditionally cheaper grade of rice produced by damage in milling.^{[4] [14]} It is mainly used as a food industry ingredient in America and Europe, but in West Africa and Southeast Asia is used for direct human consumption.^[4] Broken rice is fragmented, not defective; there is nothing wrong with it.^[16] This is the main ingredient of Cơm Tấm.
• Sườn nướng – Translated as grilled pork ribs, but there are two common varieties: grilled pork chops, and grilled pork ribs, which is also called "sườn non".
• Bì – thin strands of pork and cooked pork skin seasoned with roast rice powder
• Chả trứng – Vietnamese-style steamed omelet with meatloaf. Nowadays this may be substituted with an omelet or fried egg^[17]
• Scallion and oil garnish – chopped scallion lightly fried in heated oil until softened (serve both scallion and oil)^[18]
• Various vegetables, such as sliced cucumber and tomato, and pickled vegetables such as carrot and radish pickles
• Mixed fish sauce (Nước mắm pha) – a sweet, sour, salty, savory or spicy sauce served in a small bowl beside the Cơm Tấm dish. This ingredient is commonly considered an important part of a Cơm Tấm dish^{[6] [11]}

Although chopsticks are commonly used by Vietnamese, Cơm Tấm are enjoyed with a fork and spoon; and although the mixed fish sauce is commonly used for dipping in other Vietnamese dishes, for Cơm Tấm, the sauce is for spreading onto the dish as needed.^{[19] [20]}

Cơm Tấm is one of 10 Vietnamese dishes recognized by the Asia Record Organisation (ARO) for their important culinary value to the international community.^[21]

• Broken rice
• Bánh mì
• List of Vietnamese culinary specialities
• List of Vietnamese dishes
• Vietnamese cuisine

• Vietnamese rice dishes
• Vietnamese words and phrases
• Vietnamese pork dishes

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