Kire language
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Ramu language spoken in Papua New Guinea
| Kire | |
|---|---|
| Giri | |
| Native to | Papua New Guinea |
| Region | Madang Province |
Native speakers | 2,400 (2003)[1] |
Ramu
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | geb |
| Glottolog | kire1240 |
| ELP | Kire |
| Coordinates: 4°17′12′′S 144°43′29′′E / 4.286778°S 144.724753°E / -4.286778; 144.724753 (Giri 1) | |
Kire (Giri) is a Ramu language of Giri village (4°17′12′′S 144°43′29′′E / 4.286778°S 144.724753°E / -4.286778; 144.724753 (Giri 1) ) in Yawar Rural LLG, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.[2] [3]
Phonology
[edit ]Out of all the Ramu languages, Kire has the most complex consonant phonemic inventory.[4] : 207
| Labial | Alveolar | Dorsal | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p b | t d | k g |
| Aspirated | ph | th | kh |
| Prenasalized | mp mb | nt nd | ŋk ŋg |
| Fricative | β , f v | s̪ , s z | h |
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ |
| Approximant | w | r |
- Aspirated plosives only occur word-initially.
- /w/ has only been found word-initially.
| Short | Long | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Central | Back | Front | Central | Back | |
| High | i ĩ | ɨ ɨ̃ | u ũ | iː ĩː | ɨː ɨ̃ː | uː |
| Mid | e ẽ | o õ | eː ẽː | õː | ||
| Low | a ã | aː ãː | ||||
Additionally, the following diphthongs and triphthongs are found: /ia/, /ĩã/, /ei/, /ẽĩ/, /ai/, /aːi/, /oi/, /ui/, /uiː/, /ũĩ/, /ue/, /ũẽː/, /ua/, /ũã/, /ũãː/, /uei/, /uai/, /ũãĩ/, /ũĩã/, /ũẽĩ/.
Orthography
[edit ]Kire orthography:[5]
| Phonemes | ɑ | ɑ̃ | b | β | d | e | ẽ | f | g | h | i | ĩ | ɨ | ɨ̃ | k | kh | m | mb | mp | n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lowercase letters | a | ä | b | ƀ | d | e | ë | f | g | h | i | ï | ɨ | ɨ̈ | k | kh | m | mb | mp | n |
| Phonemes | nd | nt | ŋ | ŋg | ŋk | o | õ | p | ph | r | s | s̪ | t | th | u | ũ | v | w | z | |
| Lowercase letters | nd | nt | ŋ | ŋg | ŋk | o | ö | p | ph | r | s | š | t | th | u | ü | v | w | z |
References
[edit ]- ^ Kire at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2019). "Papua New Guinea languages". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (22nd ed.). Dallas: SIL International.
- ^ United Nations in Papua New Guinea (2018). "Papua New Guinea Village Coordinates Lookup". Humanitarian Data Exchange. 1.31.9.
- ^ Foley, William A. (2018). "The Languages of the Sepik-Ramu Basin and Environs". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 197–432. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
- ^ a b c Pryor, David B. (2004). Kire Organised Phonology Data. SIL International.