Mandara language
| Mandara | |
|---|---|
| Tabar | |
| Native to | Papua New Guinea |
| Region | Tabar Group, New Ireland Province |
Native speakers | (4,000 cited 2000 census)[1] |
Austronesian
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Latin | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | tbf |
| Glottolog | mand1440 |
Mandara, also known as Tabar, is an Austronesian language spoken on the Tabar Group of islands, New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea. Three dialects have been identified, Simberi, Tatau and Tabar, corresponding to the three main islands in the group.[1] [2] Recently,[when? ] a written form of Mandara has been made by a Korean missionary. So far, about 3,000 people are literate in this form of Mandara, and a Bible has been published in it as well.
Phonology
[edit ]The Simberi-Northern Tatau dialect has 14 phonemic consonants and 7 phonemic vowels. The language has four syllable patterns: V, CV, VC and CVC.[3] : 8
Consonants
[edit ]| Bilabial | Alveolar | Velar | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | /m/ | /n/ | /ŋ/ | |||
| Plosive | Voiceless | /p/ | /t/ | /k/ | ||
| Voiced pre-nasalized | /mb/ | /nd/ | /ŋɡ/ | |||
| Affricate | /t͡s/ | |||||
| Fricative | /β/ | /s/ | ||||
| Flap | /ɾ/ | |||||
| Lateral | /l/ | |||||
- /p/, /t/ and /k/ are non-aspirated.[3] : 9
Stress
[edit ]The final syllable of a word receives stress. There is no evidence of phonemic stress.[3] : 9
References
[edit ]- ^ a b Mandara at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed access icon
- ^ Brown, Keith, ed. (2006). Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics (PDF). Elsevier. p. i. ISBN 978-0-08-044854-1.
- ^ a b c Hong, Steven; Hong, Holly (2003). "Grammar Essentials of the Mandara Language of New Ireland Province". www.language-archives.org. Retrieved 2025年02月28日.
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