Dicerorhinus
| Dicerorhinus | |
|---|---|
| Rapunzel, a Sumatran Rhino in the Bronx Zoo | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Perissodactyla |
| Family: | Rhinocerotidae |
| Tribe: | Dicerorhinini |
| Genus: | Dicerorhinus Gloger, 1841 |
| Species | |
Dicerorhinus (Greek: "two" (dio), "horn" (keratos), "nose" (rhinos)[1] ) is a genus of the family Rhinocerotidae, consisting of a single extant species, the two-horned Sumatran rhinoceros (D. sumatrensis), and several extinct species. The genus likely originated from the Late Miocene of central Myanmar.[2] Many species previously placed in this genus probably belong elsewhere.[3]
Taxonomy
[edit ]Species provisionally considered valid include:
- †Dicerorhinus fusuiensis[4] [5] originally described as Rhinoceros fusuiensis[6] Early Pleistocene, South China.
- †Dicerorhinus gwebinensis Zin-Maung-Maung-Thein et al., 2008 Known from a skull of Pliocene-Early Pleistocene age found in Myanmar.[7] Some authors have considered the skull not distinguishable from that of D. sumatrensis.[8]
Historically, Dicerorhinus was a wastebasket taxon. Revisions by several authors over the years have removed many species:
Transferred to Stephanorhinus [3]
- Dicerorhinus merckii
- Dicerorhinus hemitoechus
- Dicerorhinus etruscus
- Dicerorhinus yunchuchenensis
- Dicerorhinus jeanvireti
- Dicerorhinus choukoutienensis (synonym of Merck's rhinoceros)
- Dicerorhinus orientalis (synonym of Merck's rhinoceros)
- Dicerorhinus nipponicus[9]
- Dicerorhinus megarhinus
- Dicerorhinus schleiermacheri
- Dicerorhinus ringstroemi
Transferred to Caementodon
- Dicerorhinus caucasicus[10]
Transferred to Lartetotherium
- Dicerorhinus sansaniensis
- Dicerorhinus cixianensis Chen and Wu, 1976[11]
Transferred to Rusingaceros
- Dicerorhinus leakeyi
Placement of the Sumatran rhinoceros among recent and subfossil rhinoceros species based on nuclear genomes (Liu, 2021)[12]
Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)
White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum)
Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis)
Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus)
Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis)
† Woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis)
† Merck's rhinoceros (Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis)
Bayesian morphological phylogeny (Pandolfi, 2023) Note: This excludes living African rhinoceros species.[13]
Dicerorhinus sumatrensis (Sumatran rhinoceros)
Stephanorhinus jeanvireti
Stephanorhinus etruscus
Stephanorhinus hundsheimensis
Stephanorhinus hemitoechus (Narrow-nosed or steppe rhinoceros)
Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis (Merck's or forest rhinoceros)
