SWBIS(1)
Contents
swbis -- Software Administration User Manual
Introduction
Making a Package Specification File (PSF)
Making Archives
Verifying Archives
Translating Other Formats
Securing File System Directories
Securing CVS Repositories
Copying Files
Package Management Functions
Configuration
This manual page is a very short user manual. It provides basic
examples for using the swbis utilities. For detailed description of
format, syntax, and internal structures see the swbis Info document
(run 'info swbis' or 'info -f doc/info/swbis.info' from within the
source package) or other manual pages: sw(5), swpackage(5), swbis(7).
Each utility has its own manual page, see swverify(8), swlist(8),
swcopy(8), swinstall(8) and swpackage(8). For configuration help and
host compatibility issues see swbis(7).
swbis is a software administration system for GNU/Linux systems and
systems that are UNIX system-like. It implements the Open Group's CAE
Spec C701 (XDSA) Distributed Software Administration. This spec
closely follows ISO/IEC 15068-2:1999 (now withdrawn) which was
identical to IEEE 1387.2:1995. The scope of the implementation
includes a package format, meta-data file format, and utilities for
package creation, installation, query, listing, and verification. The
package management utilities are network transparent via direct use of
ssh(1). They provide remote package management functions to any UNIX-
like remote host with a zero footprint regardless if swbis is installed
on the remote host.
While the swbis system has features comparable with package managers,
it has features that are of general purpose usefulness to system
administrators and developers. These include host-to-host copying of
file system directories, advanced tarball creation methods, backward
compatibility with uses of plain tarballs, and the ability to act as a
directory content integrity checker and SCM security tool.
All sections of this manual page, except the last two, describe
security related application of swpackage that integrate GNU utilities
and the file system. These applications along with the swign utility
are unique to swbis. The last section, Package Management, represents
the intended focus of the spec.
A PSF is a simple text file that directs swpackage on what to package.
It is not included in the package unless it lists itself as a file to
include. It can contain extra attributes (that swbis would not
recognize). These end up in the main meta-data file named
catalog/INDEX. A PSF consists of sections that contain keyword/value
pairs. The same keywords may appear in different sections and are
indeed different and separate attributes but they have the same
definition/usage. The sections are delimited by the section keyword
(which is recognized because it has no value) and the next section
keyword. The sections are properly called objects and the keyword is
the object keyword. Some sections contain other sections. The parser
knows and enforces the hierarchy.
White space in the PSF is not significant. A comment begins with a
pound '#'.
Simple PSF's can be generated with swign.
# Generate some generic sample PSFs
swign --show-psf -s.
swign --show-psf -s. --revision 1.1
swign --show-psf -s. -o root -g root
swign --show-psf -s. -o "" -g ""
swign --show-psf -s. -o 0 -g 0
Perform a test process on your PSF using the preview option
swign --show-psf -s. | swpackage -p -v -s -
PSFs By Example
To test or preview the following examples use swpackage as follows:
# Example commands that read a PSF from stdin
swpackage -p -v # -or-
swpackage -p -vv # -or-
swpackage -p --files -vv # -or-
swpackage -p --files --dir=pathPrefix -vv
then to make the package for real, remove the '-p' option, such as:
cat yourPSF | swpackage -s - @- | tar tvf -
o Package an entire directory
distribution
product
tag packageName
control_directory ""
revision 1.0
fileset
tag files
control_directory ""
directory .
file *
# exclude fileName
# exclude fileName2
# exclude fileName2 # ...
o Package Explicit Files
distribution
# owner root # ownership of catalog
# groupt root # ownership of catalog
product
tag packageName
control_directory ""
revision 1.0
fileset
tag files
control_directory ""
file -m 755 -o 0 -g 0 /etc/passwd /mypasswd
file -m 666 -o 0 -g 0 /dev/null /mynull
o Package A Directory that does not already exist
distribution
product
tag mydir
revision 0.001
fileset
tag bin
directory / /
file -o root -g bin -m 700 -t d /BB
As a point of instruction, show the actual payload of this package with
the following command:
swpackage | swinstall @- | tar tvf -
swbis provide two programs to make a package: swpackage and swign To
make a package, take your PSF that you created and use it as input to
these programs. Be aware that both write to standard output by
default.
Using swpackage
swpackage is a self-contained tar writing utility, that is it writes a
tar archive without using /bin/tar.
Here is the command to read a PSF from stdin and write a tar archive on
stdout and list the resulting package with tar.
swpackage -s - @- | tar tvf -
swpackage --gzip -s - @- | tar ztvf -
swpackage --bzip2 -s - @- | tar jtvf -
Here are the options to use to include security attributes. These can
be set in your defaults file (~/.swbis/swbisdefaults).
swpackage -s - --archive-digests --file-digests --files @-
The default digests for these options are md5 and sha1. To add sha512
digests do
swpackage -s - --archive-sha512 --archive-digests \
--file-digests --file-sha512 --files @-
To sign the package, that is, include an embedded GPG signature just
add the '--sign' option, along with other options. '--sign' turns on
'--archive-digest'
swpackage \
--archive-digests --file-digests --files \
--gpg-name=yourId --gpg-path=~/.gnupg --sign
When swpackage asks for a passphrase it is really swpackage. Although
care is taken to handle the passphrase correctly, you can avoid having
swpackage handle your passphrase all together by using the gpg agent.
To use the agent, it must be running and the location must be set as
the environment variable GPG_AGENT_INFO. To verify this try:
env | grep GPG
Now, just add the option --passphrase-fd=agent to the swpackage
invocation or set and export the environment variable
SWPACKAGEPASSFD=agent. The result should be that swpacakge completes
without asking for a passphrase at the terminal.
Using swign
The swign utility is designed to make a package directly from the
contents of the current directory. It combines usage of GNU tar and
swpackage such that the archive it creates is written entirely by GNU
tar using the file list, catalog/dfiles/files, generated by swpackage.
In this way it provides more assurance against unseen data corruption,
which is important when creating signed packages.
For directories whose name has the form Name-Version, swign will
properly generate its own PSF with attributes based on the directory
name. The name '.' is the special name for the internally generated
PSF. By default, swign will read a PSF from standard input.
cd somepackage-1.1
swign -s. -u yourIdName @- | tar tvf -
The result is a package that looks like this
somepackage-1.1/
somepackage-1.1/catalog/
somepackage-1.1/catalog/INDEX
somepackage-1.1/catalog/dfiles/
somepackage-1.1/catalog/dfiles/INFO
somepackage-1.1/catalog/dfiles/md5sum
somepackage-1.1/catalog/dfiles/sha1sum
somepackage-1.1/catalog/dfiles/adjunct_md5sum
somepackage-1.1/catalog/dfiles/size
somepackage-1.1/catalog/dfiles/files
somepackage-1.1/catalog/dfiles/sig_header
somepackage-1.1/catalog/dfiles/signature
somepackage-1.1/catalog/pfiles/
somepackage-1.1/catalog/pfiles/INFO
somepackage-1.1/catalog/INFO
...
somepackage-1.1/ ..
When making a package with swign, it is beneficial to include the
checkdigest control script using this option:
swign -D $HOME/checkdigest.sh -s. -u yourIdName @- | tar tvf -
# Aside:
# To see how the script is specified in the PSF, try
# swign -D /your_secure_path/checkdigest.sh -s. --psf
#
This script will work unchanged for any package, and is available in
the swbis source package. It may be copied as a public domain program.
With this script included, a recipient of your signed package can
verify the unpacked directory using swverify.
Packages are verified by swverify
# This example verifies standard input
swverify -d @-
In addition, packages that have a single path prefix (like source
packages) and that have ownerships reproducible on the local host can
be verified in its unpacked form, for example:
tar zxpf somepackage-1.1.tar.gz
cd somepackage-1.1
swverify -d @.
Verifying the unpacked form requires the checkdigest implementation
extension control script. This script must have been included when the
package was created using the '-D NAME' option in the swign.
swpackage can translate other package formats: deb, rpm, and slackware,
and plain vanilla source tarballs with a NAME-VERSION path name prefix.
In the process, the package can be signed.
The converted package is written to stdout. The input is read from
standard input or specified as source using the -s FILENAME option.
Slackware packages cannot be read from standard input because the
revision and name is determined from the .tgz filename itself.
swpackage --to-swbis -s somepackage.rpm # RPM
swpackage --to-swbis -s somepackage.deb # DEB
swpackage --to-swbis -s somesourcepackage-1.0.tar.gz # Plain Source Package
# or for slackware packages
swpackage -s somepackage-1.0-i386.tgz --to-swbis
The swign utility can be used as a directory content integrity tool.
After processing the current directory with swign, the directory can be
verified against changes to file contents, ownerships and permissions.
In this capacity, the ./catalog/ directory is a GPG signed record of
the directory contents. It is created this way:
swign -D $HOME/checkdigest.sh -s. -u yourIdName -o "" -g "" @.
Verification is simply:
swverify -d @.
Securing CVS (or any Source Code Management repository) is similar to
securing a directory with the additional step that the ./catalog/
directory is checked-in or committed to the repository just like other
ordinary directories in the project.
Slightly different options are used for signing and verification.
These have to do with file ownerships which are not tracked and
enforced. Also the default action of removing ./catalog is prevented
by the --no-remove option.
swign -D $HOME/checkdigest.sh -s PSF.in --no-remove --name-version=somepackage-1.0 @.
The exported directory (without the SCM control files) can be verified.
Since ownerships, time stamps, and permissions are probably not
preserved, use a special option to swverify, --scm.
swverify --scm -d @.
The PSF.in for this usage is specialized. Note the special exclude
directives and the replacement macros %__tag and %__revision which
allows easy control of the current revision.
Here is a minimal example, the swign(1) manual page for more
information.
# PSF.in -- Input file to swign
distribution
checkdigest < bin/checkdigest.sh
product
tag %__tag # Replaced by swign
control_directory ""
revision %__revision # Replaced by swign
fileset
tag sources
control_directory ""
file_permissions -o 0 -g 0
directory .
file *
exclude catalog
exclude CVS
exclude */CVS
# exclude .svn
# exclude */.svn
swcopy can be used to copy arbitrary files or data streams from host to
host. Here are a few examples. See the manual page swcopy(8) for
more.
# Copy a file in the current directory to your home directory on HostA
swcopy --no-audit -s :file1 @ HostA
# Copy the data stream from a device on a remote host
swcopy --no-audit -s 192.168.1.1:/dev/tape @- | tar tvf -
# Show your network speed in real time
swcopy --no-audit -s 192.168.1.1:/dev/zero --show-progress @ /dev/null
# Read the entire file system on a remote host
swcopy --no-audit -s 192.168.1.1:/ @- | tar tvf -
swbis supports typical package management functions for creation,
installation, listing/query, verification, and removal in a network
transparent fashion with zero new requirements for the remote host.
ssh is used directly for host access and no special configuration is
required.
The default requirements for the remote host are GNU bash, as
/bin/bash, and GNU tar as /bin/tar. Other runtime and compile
configurations are possible to allow GNU tar to be /bin/gtar and a host
to be bash-less. See swbis(7) for information on support for other
POSIX shells.
Alternate root operation is supported for all operations, however, only
cooperatively enforced for control script execution, that is control
scripts must respect its relative root.
All utilities are similar in their command-line interface:
sw<utillity> [PKG_NAME_SPEC] @ HOSTNAME
sw<utillity> [PKG_NAME_SPEC] @ :FILENAME
sw<utillity> [PKG_NAME_SPEC] @ /FILENAME
Internal operation, Events, and Errors
Operation of the distributed utilites consists of a shell script
running on the target host and the actual utility running on the
management host. These hosts may be the same or different.
Configuration data (e.g. swbisdefaults and swdefaults files) are read
on the management host only. When verifying installed software, gpg is
invoked on the management host only using public keys from the
management host only.
All the distributed utiltities operate as a utility (i.e. C program)
and a shell script read and executed from the POSIX shell's standard
input. The C program and shell script communicate via stdin, stdout
and stderr using a connection provided by an ordinary rsh or ssh
client. For local operation ssh/rsh is not invoked. The utilities
never should be installed setuid root. Privilege escalation can be
accomplished via Ssh and a UNIX user account:
sw<utillity> @ root@localhost
The shell script is a list of tasks where each task becomes an
additional shell reading from stdin. Before the additional task shell
is executed, a Task Identification Header is read and compared with the
expected Task. In addition each task has an END event to return its
status. If any error occurs, the error is detected by the utility
(i.e. the C program on the management host); and, the main script [on
the target host] falls through with an error.
For example, here is how the 'load fileset' task script appears in a
UNIX process listing:
14073 14071 1 20:35 /bin/bash -s _swbis _swinstall
14453 14073 0 20:35 /bin/bash -s /_swbis /_swinstall load fileset
14454 14453 0 20:35 dd bs 512 count 6870
14455 14453 0 20:35 /bin/bash -s /_swbis /_swinstall load fileset
14460 14455 0 20:35 tar xpvf -
During operation events are generated. They may be shown by increasing
the verbosity level
swinstall -x verbose=3
# -or-
swinstall -vv
For example, the events for installation look like this
# swinstall -x reinstall=y --no-scripts -vv @ localhost:/tmp/aabb
swinstall: SWBIS_TARGET_BEGINS for @localhost:/tmp/aabb
swinstall: SW_SESSION_BEGINS on target host Host20:
swinstall: SW_NOT_LOCATABLE: xorg-x11-Xnest.xorg-x11-Xnest: status=2
swinstall: SW_ANALYSIS_BEGINS on target host Host20:
swinstall: SW_SAME_REVISION_INSTALLED at @localhost:/tmp/aabb: status=0: var/...
swinstall: SW_DEPENDENCY_NOT_MET: prerequisite xorg-x11,pr==6.8.2: status=2
swinstall: SW_SOC_LOCK_CREATED on target host Host20: lockpath=var/...
swinstall: SW_ANALYSIS_ENDS on target host Host20: status=0
swinstall: SW_EXECUTION_BEGINS on target host Host20:
swinstall: SW_SOC_LOCK_REMOVED on target host Host20: status=0
swinstall: SW_EXECUTION_ENDS on target host Host20: status=0
swinstall: SW_SESSION_ENDS on target host Host20: status=0
swinstall: SWBIS_TARGET_ENDS for @localhost:/tmp/aabb: status=0
Events have their own status, 0, 1, or 2. Zero (0) is always sucess,
1 is an error, and 2 may be a warning or error depending on the event
and options.
Recovery From Hangs and Crashes
Swbis utilites never hang and never crash and are generally signal
safe, that is you can hit ctrl-C and expect a controlled exit of the
remote script and utility. However if a utility really crashes it can
leave unwanted processes on the remote host, they may even suck up CPU
cycles making the machine slow. The first step is to kill the
management utility:
killall -9 swinstall # or whatever the utility was
Then, to kill the task shells on the remote host:
swremove --cleansh @ user@Host
using the same user and host as the crashed invocation. This will
kill all swbis process including other users if allowed by the system.
Installation
Examples
# Install at /
swinstall -s :somepackage-1.1.bin.sw.tar.gz
# Install to a alternate root, not running control scripts
swinstall --no-scripts -vv -s:somepackage-1.1.i386.rpm @ /tmp/foo1
# Install to a alternate root
swinstall -s :somepackage-1.1.bin.sw.tar.gz @ /tmp/xx2
# Install at /, gaining privilege via ssh
swinstall -s :somepackage-1.1.bin.sw.tar.gz @ root@localhost
# Install from standard input to /
swinstall # if default source directory is stdin or
swinstall -s - # independent of defaults file
# Install at a remote host
swinstall -s :somepackage-1.1.bin.sw.tar.gz @ 192.168.1.1
# Install to multiple targets, based on a list of one target per line
echo 192.168.2.2 | swinstall -t - -s :somepackage-1.1.bin.sw.tar.gz
Removal
# Remove a package named 'somepackage'
swremove somepackage @/
# Remove everything
swremove --allow-ambig \* @ /
# Remove everything and force (e.g. override a stale lock)
swremove --force somepackage @ /
# Preview what would be removed and do nothing
swremove -p -v somepackage @ /
Query
# List all installed packages
swlist # -or-
swlist --products
# List an installed package by name
swlist somepackage
# List an installed package by name and version
swlist somepackage,r\>1.0
# List installed packages by name and version from several hosts
swlist --verbose --products somepackage,r\>1.0 @ hostA hostB
# Copy the installed catalog to stdout
swlist -c - somepackage @ root@192.168.1.2 | tar tvf -
# List the installed files from the catalog
swlist --files somepackage @ root@192.168.1.2
# List the installed files as found in the file system
swlist --system somepackage @ root@192.168.1.2
# List the payload of a package
swlist --files @- < somepackage-1.0.tar.gz
# List the payload of a package
swinstall @- < somepackage-1.0.tar.gz | tar tvf -
See swbis(7) for detailed information on configuration and host
compatibility strategies.
IEEE Std 1387.2-1995 (ISO/IEC 15068-2:1999),
Open Group CAE C701,
http://www.opengroup.org/publications/catalog/c701.htm
info swbis
sw(5), swbis(7), swpackage(8), swpackage(5), swbisparse(1), swign(1), swverify(8),
swcopy(8), swconfig(8), swlist(8), swremove(8)
.../libexec/swbis/lxpsf
.../libexec/swbis/arf2arf
.../libexec/swbis/swbisparse
.../libexec/swbis/swbistar
http://www.gnu.org/software/swbis/sourcesign-1.2/gendocs/manual/index.html
/var/lib/swbis/catalog/ # The installed software catalog
catalog/ # The package meta-data directory
swdefaults # Options configuration file
swbisdefaults # Options configuration file
swbis(1)
Author: Jim Lowe Email: jhlowe at acm.org
Version: 1.13
Last Updated: 2010年02月04日
Copying: GNU Free Documentation License
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SWBIS(1)