Jaunsari language
| Jaunsari | |
|---|---|
| Jaunsari Script | |
| Native to | India |
| Region | Uttarakhand |
| Ethnicity | Jaunsari |
Native speakers | 136,779 (2011)[1] |
| Sirmauri script(Historical)[2] Devanagari | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | jns |
| Glottolog | jaun1243 |
| ELP | Jaunsari |
Jaunsari (Devanagari: जौनसारी) is a Western Pahari language of northern India spoken by the Jaunsari people in the Kalsi, Chakrata and Tyuni sub-districts of Dehradun district in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand state. It is considered as the dialect of Mahasui.
The dialects of Jaunsari share about 60% of their basic vocabulary with each of the neighbouring varieties of Bangani, Jaunpuri, Nagpuriya and Sirmauri.[3]
Phonology
[edit ]Consonants
[edit ]| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Post-alv./ Palatal |
Velar | Glottal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive / Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | ʈ | tʃ | k |
| aspriated | ph | th | ʈh | tʃh | kh | |
| voiced | b | d | ɖ | dʒ | ɡ | |
| breathy | bɦ | dɦ | ɖɦ | dʒɦ | ɡɦ | |
| Fricative | s | ʃ | ɦ | |||
| Nasal | m | n | ɳ | |||
| Lateral | l | ɭ | ||||
| Trill / Tap |
voiced | r | ɽ | |||
| breathy | rɦ | ɽɦ | ||||
| Approximant | j | w | ||||
Vowels
[edit ]| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i iː | u uː | |
| Mid | (e) eː | ə əː | (o) oː |
| Open-mid | ɛː | ɔː | |
| Open | aː |
Script
[edit ]Jaunsari was historically written in Jaunsari Script. The Devanagari script is being used these days in certain works.[4]
Status
[edit ]The language has no official status. According to the United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), the language is of definitely endangered category, i.e. many Jaunsari children are not learning Jaunsari as their mother tongue any longer.[5] The Ethnologue reports otherwise.
In 2016, State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT) announced that Garhwali, Kumaoni, Jaunsari and Rang languages would be introduced on pilot basis for students in standard one to 10th in government schools Under the ‘Know Your Uttarakhand’ project.[6]
References
[edit ]- ^ "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 2018年07月07日.
- ^ Grierson, George Abraham. Linguistic Survey Of India, Volume 9.4. pp. 383–84.
- ^ Matthews, John (2008). "Jaunsari: a sociolinguistic survey". SIL Electronic Survey Reports. pp. 12–13. The results are based on comparisons of a 210-item wordlist. The average figures are between 58% and 61%, but there is significant variation between the various Jaunsari dialects.
- ^ "ScriptSource - Jaunsari written with Devanagari script". scriptsource.org. Retrieved 2021年08月29日.
- ^ "endangered language". TheGuardian.com . 15 April 2011.
- ^ "Schoolkids to learn Garhwali, Kumaoni languages - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 2018年07月25日.