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Duke of Gloucester

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Aristocratic title
For the current holder of the title, see Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester. For the 1954 steam locomotive of the same name, see BR Standard Class 8.
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(October 2019)
Dukedom of Gloucester
Creation date31 March 1928
CreationFifth
Created byGeorge V
PeeragePeerage of the United Kingdom
First holderThomas of Woodstock
Present holderPrince Richard
Heir apparentAlexander Windsor, Earl of Ulster
Remainder tothe 1st Duke's heirs male of the body lawfully begotten
Subsidiary titlesEarl of Ulster
Baron Culloden
StatusExtant
Former seatBarnwell Manor

Duke of Gloucester (/ˈɡlɒstər/ i GLOST-ər) is a British royal title (after Gloucester), often conferred on one of the sons of the reigning monarch. The first four creations were in the Peerage of England and the last in the Peerage of the United Kingdom; the current creation carries with it the subsidiary titles of Earl of Ulster and Baron Culloden.

The title was first conferred on Thomas of Woodstock, the thirteenth child of King Edward III. The title became extinct at his death, as it did upon the death of the duke of the second creation, Humphrey of Lancaster, fourth son of King Henry IV.

The title was next conferred on Richard, brother to King Edward IV. When Richard himself became king, the dukedom merged into the crown. After Richard's death, the title was considered ominous, since the first three such dukes had all died without issue to inherit their titles. The title was not awarded for over 150 years: the next to receive the dukedom was the son of King Charles I, Henry Stuart, upon whose death the title again became extinct.

Prince William, son of the future Queen Anne, was styled "Duke of Gloucester" for his whole life (1689–1700), but was never formally created duke. Frederick, Prince of Wales, was styled "Duke of Gloucester" from 1718–1726, but was then created Duke of Edinburgh rather than of Gloucester.

There was next a creation of a double dukedom (not two dukedoms) for the brother of King George III, Prince William Henry, his proper title becoming "Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh".

The fifth and most recent creation was for Prince Henry, third son of King George V, styled as His Royal Highness The Duke of Gloucester. Upon Prince Henry's death, the dukedom was inherited by his only surviving son Prince Richard, who still holds the title. The heir-apparent to the title is Alexander Windsor, styled Earl of Ulster. The next in the line of succession is the Earl of Ulster's son Xan Windsor, known by his grandfather's third title of Lord Culloden. The royal dukedom will devolve into an ordinary one when inherited by Alexander Windsor; as a great-grandson of a sovereign he is not entitled to royal style, and will be styled as His Grace The Duke of Gloucester.

Prince Richard, the current Duke of Gloucester

Dukes of Gloucester

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First creation, 1385–1397

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Duke Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death Arms
Thomas of Woodstock
House of Plantagenet
1385–1397
also: Duke of Aumale (1385–1397), Earl of Essex (1376–1397), Earl of Buckingham (1377)
Thomas of Woodstock 7 January 1355
Woodstock Palace
son of Edward III of England and Queen Philippa
Eleanor de Bohun
1376
5 children
8 September 1397
Calais
aged 42
Thomas of Woodstock's son died two years after his father, but never succeeded to his titles except that of Earl of Buckingham. At the time of Thomas's death, he was regarded as a traitor and thus his titles were forfeit after his murder (except Earl of Buckingham). His son had no issue and his male line died out in 1399.

Second creation, 1414–1447

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Duke Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death Arms
Humphrey of Lancaster
House of Lancaster
1414–1447
also: Earl of Pembroke (1414)
Humphrey of Lancaster 3 October 1390
Lancaster Castle
son of Henry IV of England and Mary de Bohun
Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut
1422–1428 (annulled)
1 child (stillborn)

Eleanor de Cobham
1428–1441 (annulled)
2 children
23 February 1447
Bury St Edmunds
aged 56
Before marrying Humphrey, Eleanor de Cobham was his mistress. At the time of Humphrey's 1447 death, he had two children, Arthur and Antigone. However, both children were born before his marriage to Eleanor and were thus illegitimate and could not succeed to his titles; so, accordingly, all his titles became extinct on his death.

Third creation, 1461

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Duke Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death Arms
Richard Plantagenet
House of York
1461–1483
Richard Plantagenet 2 October 1452
Fotheringhay Castle, Oundle
son of Richard, Duke of York and Cecily Neville
Anne Neville
1472–1485
(her death)
1 child
22 August 1485
Bosworth Field
aged 32
Richard succeeded as Richard III in 1483 upon his nephew's disappearance, and his titles merged with the crown.

Fourth creation, 1659

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Duke Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death Arms
Henry Stuart
House of Stuart
1659–1660
also: Earl of Cambridge (1659)
Henry Stuart 8 July 1640
Oatlands Palace, Oatlands
son of King Charles I and Queen Henrietta Maria
Never married 18 September 1660
Whitehall, London
aged 20
Henry Stuart had no children and all his titles became extinct on his death.

Only styled, 1689

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Duke Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death Arms
Prince William
House of Oldenburg
1689–1700
Prince William of Denmark 24 July 1689
Hampton Court Palace, London
son of Queen Anne and Prince George
Never married 30 July 1700
Windsor Castle, Windsor
aged 11

Only styled, 1717

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Duke Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death
Prince Frederick
House of Hanover
1717–1726
Prince Frederick 1 February 1707
Leineschloss, Hanover
son of King George II and Queen Caroline
Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha
17 April 1736
9 children
31 March 1751
Leicester House, London
aged 44

Fifth creation, 1928

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Also: Earl of Ulster and Baron Culloden (1928)[1]

Duke Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death Arms
Prince Henry
House of Windsor
1928–1974
Prince Henry 31 March 1900
York Cottage, Sandringham
son of King George V and Queen Mary
Lady Alice Montagu Douglas Scott
6 November 1935
2 children
10 June 1974
Barnwell Manor, Barnwell
aged 74
Prince Richard
House of Windsor
1974–present
Prince Richard 26 August 1944
St. Matthew's Nursing Home, Northampton
son of Prince Henry and Princess Alice
Birgitte van Deurs Henriksen
8 June 1972
3 children
 –
now 81 years, 105 days old

Line of succession

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Arms

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Family trees

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 Family tree of the Dukes of Gloucester, Dukes of Edinburgh, the Dukes of Gloucester and Edinburgh, and the Earls of Ulster (UK creation)
Duke of Gloucester (1st creation), 1385
John of Gaunt
1340–1399
Duke of Lancaster Thomas of Woodstock
1355–1397
Duke of Gloucester
Dukedom of Gloucester (1st creation) extinct, 1397
Henry IV of England
1367–1413 John Beaufort
1373–1410
1st Earl of Somerset Joan Beaufort
c. 1379–1440
Duke of Gloucester (2nd creation), 1414
Humphrey of Lancaster
1390–1447
Duke of Gloucester John Beaufort
1404–1444
Duke of Somerset Cecily Neville
1415–1495
Dukedom of Gloucester (2nd creation) extinct, 1447
Duke of Gloucester (3rd creation), 1461
Margaret Beaufort
1443–1509 Edward IV of England
1442–1483 Richard of York
1452–1485
Duke of Gloucester
Later Richard III of England
Dukedom of Gloucester (3rd creation) merged in the Crown, 1483
Henry VII of England
1457–1509 Elizabeth of York
1466–1503
Margaret Tudor
1489–1541 Henry VIII of England
1491–1547
James V of Scotland
1512–1542
Duke of Gloucester (4th creation), 1659
Sophia of Hanover
1630–1714 James II of Scotland and England
1633–1701 Prince Henry
1640–1660
Duke of Gloucester
Dukedom of Gloucester (4th creation) extinct, 1660
George II of Great Britain
1683–1760 Prince William
1689–1700
styled Duke of Gloucester
Prince Frederick Louis
1707–1751
1st Duke of Edinburgh, Marquess of the Isle of Ely, Earl of Eltham, Viscount Launceston, and Baron Snowdon, styled Duke of Gloucester until created Duke of Edinburgh, 1726
Prince George William Frederick
1738–1820
2nd Duke of Edinburgh, Marquess of the Isle of Ely, and Earl of Eltham, Viscount Launceston, and Baron Snowdon
Later George III of Great Britain, later the United Kingdom Prince William Henry
1743–1805
1st Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh
Dukedom of Edinburgh (1st creation), Marquessate of the Isle of Ely, and Earldom of Eltham (1st creation), Viscountcy Launceston, and Barony Snowdon merged in the Crown, 1760 Dukedom of Gloucester and Edinburgh unused, 1805–1816
William IV of the United Kingdom
1765–1837 Prince Edward
1767–1820
Duke of Kent and Strathearn Princess Mary
1776–1857 Prince William Frederick
1776–1834
2nd Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh
Dukedom of Gloucester and Edinburgh extinct, 1834
Duke of Edinburgh (2nd creation) and Earl of Ulster (UK, 1st creation), 1866
Princess Alice
1843–1878 Edward VII of the United Kingdom
1841–1910 Prince Alfred Ernest Albert
1844–1900
Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Edinburgh, Earl of Ulster
Dukedom of Edinburgh (2nd creation) extinct, 1900
Duke of Gloucester (5th creation), Earl of Ulster (UK, 2nd creation), Baron Culloden (2nd creation), 1928
Princess Alice of Battenberg
1885–1969 George VI of the United Kingdom
1895–1952 Prince Henry
1900–1974
1st Duke of Gloucester, Earl of Ulster and Baron Culloden
Duke of Edinburgh (3rd creation), 1947
Prince Philip
1921–2021
1st Duke of Edinburgh Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
1926–2022
Duke of Edinburgh (4th creation), 2023
Prince Charles
b. 1948
2nd Duke of Edinburgh
Later Charles III of the United Kingdom Prince Edward
b. 1964
Duke of Edinburgh, Earl of Wessex, Earl of Forfar, and Viscount Severn Prince Richard
b. 1944
2nd Duke of Gloucester, Earl of Ulster and Baron Culloden
Dukedom of Edinburgh (3rd creation) merged in the Crown, 2022 Dukedom of Edinburgh (4th creation) is a life peerage and therefore not hereditary
Alexander Windsor
b. 1974
styled Earl of Ulster
Heir-apparent to the Dukedom of Gloucester
Xan Windsor
b. 2007
styled Baron Culloden
 Family tree of Royal dukes in the United Kingdom

Includes dukes of: Albany, Albemarle, Bedford, Cambridge, Clarence, Connaught and Strathearn, Cumberland, Edinburgh, Gloucester, Gloucester and Edinburgh, Hereford, Kent, Kintyre and Lorne, Norfolk, Ross, Somerset, Sussex, Windsor, and York, but only when royally.

Non-royal dukes are not included; see Royal dukedoms in the United Kingdom .
Titles mandated for use by the heir apparent (Duke of Rothesay and the 1337 creation of the Duke of Cornwall) are also not included, see Princes of Wales family tree .

Robert II
1316–1390 King Edward III
1312–1377
Duke of Albany (1st creation), 1398 Duke of Clarence (1st creation), 1362 Duke of York (1st creation), 1385
Robert III
c. 1337–1406 Robert Stewart
c. 1340–1420
1st Duke of Albany Edward the Black Prince
1330–1376 Lionel of Antwerp
1338–1368
Duke of Clarence John of Gaunt
1340–1399 Edmund of Langley
1341–1402
1st Duke of York
Dukedom of Clarence (1st creation) extinct, 1368
Duke of Cornwall (2nd creation), 1376 Duke of Hereford, 1397 Duke of Gloucester (1st creation), 1385
Murdoch Stewart
c. 1362–1425
2nd Duke of Albany Richard of Bordeaux
1367–1400
Duke of Cornwall, later King Richard II Henry Bolingbroke
1367–1413
Duke of Hereford, later King Henry IV Thomas of Woodstock
1355–1397
Duke of Gloucester
Dukedom of Albany (1st creation) forfeit, 1425 Dukedom of Cornwall (2nd creation) merged in the crown, 1377 Dukedom of Hereford merged in the crown, 1399 Dukedom of Gloucester (1st creation) extinct, 1397
Duke of Clarence (2nd creation), 1412 Duke of Bedford (1st & 2nd creations), 1414 Duke of Gloucester (2nd creation), 1414 Duke of Albemarle (Aumale) (1st creation), 1397
Thomas of Lancaster
1387–1421
Duke of Clarence John of Lancaster
1389–1435
Duke of Bedford
Surrendered dukedom and then regranted, 1433 Humphrey of Lancaster
1390–1447
Duke of Gloucester John Beaufort
1373–1410 Joan Beaufort
c. 1379–1440 Edward of Norwich
c. 1373–1415
Duke of Aumale, 2nd Duke of York Richard of Conisburgh
1385–1415
Dukedom of Clarence (2nd creation) extinct, 1421 Dukedom of Bedford (2nd creation) extinct, 1435 Dukedom of Gloucester (2nd creation) extinct, 1447 Dukedom of Albemarle (Aumale) (1st creation) forfeit, 1399
Duke of York (1st creation) restored, 1425
Duke of Cornwall (3rd creation), 1460
James I
1394–1437 Joan Beaufort
c. 1404–1445 John Beaufort
1404–1444 Richard Neville
1400–1460 Cecily Neville
1415–1495 Richard of York
1411–1460
3rd Duke of York, Duke of Cornwall
Duke of Cornwall (3rd creation) extinct, 1460
Duke of Bedford (5th creation), 1485 Duke of Clarence (3rd creation), 1461 Duke of Gloucester (3rd creation), 1461
James II
1430–1460 Jasper Tudor
c. 1431–1495
Duke of Bedford Edmund Tudor
c. 1430–1456 Lady Margaret Beaufort
1443–1509 John Neville
c. 1431–1471 Elizabeth Woodville
c. 1437–1492 Prince Edward
1442–1483
4th Duke of York, later King Edward IV George Plantagenet
1449–1478
Duke of Clarence Richard of York
1452–1485
Duke of Gloucester, later King Richard III
Dukedom of Bedford (5th creation) extinct, 1495 Dukedom of York (1st creation) merged in the Crown, 1461 Dukedom of Clarence (3rd creation) forfeit, 1478 Dukedom of Gloucester (3rd creation) merged in the Crown, 1483
Duke of Albany (2nd creation), 1458 Duke of Bedford (3rd creation), 1470 Duke of York (2nd creation), 1474
Duke of Norfolk (3rd creation), 1477
Duke of Bedford (4th creation), 1478
Alexander Stewart
c. 1454–1485
1st Duke of Albany James III
1451/1452–1488 George Neville
1457–1483
Duke of Bedford King Henry VII
1457–1509 Elizabeth of York
1466–1503 Richard of Shrewsbury
1473–1483
Duke of York, Duke of Norfolk George of York
1477–1479
Duke of Bedford
Dukedom of Bedford (3rd creation) forfeit, 1478 Dukedom of York (2nd creation) and Dukedom of Norfolk (3rd creation) extinct, 1483 Dukedom of Bedford (4th creation) extinct, 1479
Duke of Ross (1st creation), 1488 Duke of York (3rd creation), 1494 Duke of Somerset (3rd creation), 1499
John Stewart
1482–1536
2nd Duke of Albany James Stewart
1476–1504
Duke of Ross James IV
1473–1513 Margaret Tudor
1489–1541 Prince Henry
1491–1547
Duke of York, later King Henry VIII Edmund Tudor
1499–1500
Duke of Somerset (nominated but probably not invested)
Dukedom of Albany (2nd creation) extinct, 1536 Dukedom of Ross (1st creation) extinct, 1504 Dukedom of York (3rd creation) merged in the Crown, 1509 Dukedom of Somerset (3rd creation) extinct, 1500
Duke of Ross (2nd creation), 1514
James V
1512–1542 Alexander Stewart
1514–1515
Duke of Ross
Duke of Albany (3rd creation), 1565 Dukedom of Ross (2nd creation) extinct, 1515
Henry Stuart
1546–1567
1st Duke of Albany Mary, Queen of Scots
1542–1587
Prince James
1566–1625
2nd Duke of Albany, later King James VI & I
Dukedom of Albany (3rd creation) merged in the Crown, 1567
Duke of Albany (4th creation), 1604
Duke of York (4th creation), 1605
Duke of Kintyre and Lorne, 1602
Princess Elizabeth Stuart
1596–1662 Prince Charles
1600–1649
Duke of Albany, Duke of York, later King Charles I Robert Stuart
1602
Duke of Kintyre and Lorne
Dukedom of Albany (4th creation), Dukedom of York (4th creation) merged in the Crown, 1625 Dukedom of Kintyre and Lorne extinct, 1602
Duke of York (5th creation) 1644
Duke of Albany (5th creation), 1660
Duke of Gloucester (4th creation), 1659
Sophia of Hanover
1630–1714 James Stuart
1633–1701
Duke of York, Duke of Albany, later King James II Prince Henry
1640–1660
Duke of Gloucester
Dukedom of Albany (5th creation) and Dukedom of York (5th creation) merged in the Crown, 1685 Dukedom of Gloucester (4th creation) extinct, 1660
Duke of York and Albany (1st creation), 1716 Duke of Cambridge (1st creation), 1664 Duke of Kendal (1st creation), 1666 Duke of Cambridge (2nd creation), 1667
King George I
1660–1727 Ernest Augustus
1674–1728
Duke of York and Albany Charles Stuart
1660–1661
styled Duke of Cambridge James Stuart
1663–1667
Duke of Cambridge Queen Anne
1665–1714 Charles Stuart
1666–1667
designated Duke of Kendal Edgar Stuart
1667–1671
Duke of Cambridge Charles Stuart
1677
styled Duke of Cambridge
Dukedom of York and Albany (1st creation) extinct, 1728 Dukedom of Cambridge (1st creation) extinct, 1667 Dukedom of Kendal (1st creation), extinct, 1667 Dukedom of Cambridge (2nd creation) extinct, 1671
Duke of Cambridge (3rd creation)
Prince George
1683–1760
Duke of Cambridge, later King George II Prince William
1689–1700
styled Duke of Gloucester
Dukedom of Cambridge (3rd creation) merged with the Crown, 1727
Duke of Edinburgh (1st creation), 1726 Duke of Cumberland (3rd creation), 1726
Prince Frederick Louis
1707–1751
1st Duke of Edinburgh, styled Duke of Gloucester until created Duke of Edinburgh Prince William Augustus
1721–1765
Duke of Cumberland
Dukedom of Cumberland (3rd creation) extinct, 1765
Prince George William Frederick
1738–1820
2nd Duke of Edinburgh, later King George III Prince Edward
1739–1767
Duke of York and Albany Prince William Henry
1743–1805
1st Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh Prince Henry
1745–1790
Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn
Dukedom of Edinburgh (1st creation), merged in the Crown, 1760 Dukedom of York and Albany (2nd creation) extinct, 1767 Dukedom of Gloucester and Edinburgh unused, 1805–1816 Dukedom of Cumberland and Strathearn extinct, 1790
Prince Frederick
1763–1827
Duke of York and Albany Prince William Henry
1765–1837, Duke of Clarence and St Andrews, later King William IV Prince Edward
1767–1820
Duke of Kent and Strathearn Ernest Augustus
1771–1851
King of Hanover, 1st Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale Prince Augustus Frederick
1773–1843
Duke of Sussex Prince Adolphus
1774–1850
1st Duke of Cambridge Princess Mary
1776–1857 Prince William Frederick
1776–1834
2nd Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh
Dukedom of York and Albany (3rd creation) extinct, 1827 Dukedom of Clarence and St Andrews merged in the Crown, 1830 Dukedom of Kent and Strathearn extinct, 1820 Dukedom of Sussex (1st creation) extinct, 1843 Dukedom of Gloucester and Edinburgh extinct, 1834
Queen Victoria
1819–1901 George V
1819–1878
King of Hanover, 2nd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale Prince George
1819–1904
2nd Duke of Cambridge Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge
1833–1897
Dukedom of Cambridge (4th creation) extinct, 1904
Duke of Edinburgh (2nd creation), 1866 Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, 1874 Duke of Albany (6th creation), 1881
King Edward VII
1841–1910 Prince Ernest Augustus
1845–1923
3rd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale Princess Alice
1843–1878 Prince Alfred Ernest Albert
1844–1900
Duke of Edinburgh Prince Arthur
1850–1942
1st Duke of Connaught and Strathearn Prince Leopold
1853–1884
1st Duke of Albany
Dukedom of Cumberland and Teviotdale forfeit, 1919 Dukedom of Edinburgh (2nd creation) extinct, 1900
Duke of Clarence and Avondale, 1890 Duke of York (6th creation), 1892
Prince Albert Victor
1864–1892
Duke of Clarence and Avondale George Frederick Ernest Albert
1865–1936
Duke of York, later King George V Mary of Teck
1867–1953 Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine
1863–1950 Prince Arthur of Connaught
1883–1938
Dukedom of Clarence and Avondale extinct, 1892 Dukedom of York (6th creation) merged in the Crown, 1910
Duke of Windsor, 1937 Duke of York (7th creation), 1920 Duke of Kent (2nd creation), 1934 Duke of Gloucester (5th creation), 1928
King Edward VIII
1894–1972
Later Duke of Windsor Prince Albert Frederick Arthur George
1895–1952
Duke of York, later King George VI Princess Alice of Battenberg
1885–1969 Prince George
1902–1942
1st Duke of Kent Prince Henry
1900–1974
1st Duke of Gloucester Prince Alastair Arthur
1914–1943
2nd Duke of Connaught and Strathearn Prince Charles Edward
1884–1954
2nd Duke of Albany
Dukedom of Windsor extinct, 1972 Dukedom of York (7th creation) merged in the Crown, 1936 Dukedom of Connaught and Strathearn extinct, 1943 Dukedom of Albany (6th creation) forfeit, 1919
Duke of Edinburgh (3rd creation), 1947
Queen Elizabeth II
1926–2022 Prince Philip
1921–2021
1st Duke of Edinburgh Prince Edward
b. 1935
2nd Duke of Kent
Duke of York (8th creation), 1986 (revoked 2025) Duke of Edinburgh (4th creation), 2023
King Charles III
b. 1948
Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor
b. 1960
Duke of York (until 2025) Prince Edward
b. 1964
Duke of Edinburgh George Windsor
b. 1962 Prince Richard
b. 1944
2nd Duke of Gloucester
Dukedom of Edinburgh (3rd creation) merged in the Crown, 2022 No male heirs Dukedom of Edinburgh (4th creation) is a life peerage and therefore not hereditary Heir apparent to the Dukedom of Kent
Duke of Cambridge (5th creation), 2011 Duke of Sussex (2nd creation), 2018
Prince William
b. 1982
Duke of Cambridge Prince Harry
Duke of Sussex
b. 1984 Edward Windsor
b. 1988 Alexander Windsor
b. 1974
Heir-apparent to the Dukedom of Gloucester
Heir apparent to the Dukedom of Cambridge Heir apparent to the Dukedom of Sussex

See also

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References

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