Anaeramoeba
| Anaeramoeba | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Phylum: | Metamonada |
| Family: | Anaeramoebidae Táborský, Pánek & Čepička 2017 |
| Genus: | Anaeramoeba Táborský, Pánek & Čepička 2017 |
| Type species | |
| Anaeramoeba flamelloides Táborský, Pánek & Čepička 2017
| |
| Species | |
| |
Anaeramoeba is a free-living anaerobic eukaryotes, first described in 2017.
Description
[edit ]As the name implies, Anaeramoeba are anaerobic amoeboid organisms which form a fan-like shape similar to that of Flamella . At least two species can also sometimes assume flagellate forms; with either two or four flagella. They contain double-membrane bound organelles called hydrogenosomes, which is a type of mitochondria-related organelles (MROs) and assumed to be derived from mitochondria,[1] to perform metabolism in anaerobic environments. The hydrogenosomes in Anaeramoeba are closely associated with H2-consuming bacterial symbionts, which are enveloped by Anaeramoeba host's membrane called symbiosome.[2]
Discovery and classification
[edit ]Anaeramoeba specimens were first isolated in 2017, from shallow marine sediments around the world.[3] Despite the similarities to Flamella in both morphology and environment, genetic analyses found that Anaeramoeba do not belong within Amoebozoa.[3] Instead, Anaeramoeba represents a newly identified protist belonging to Metamonads, as a close relative to parabasalids.[1]
Symbiosome in Anaeramoeba
[edit ]Anaeramoeba's symbiosome is a unique highly elaborate membrane-bound structure that houses their bacterial symbionts in close association with their hydrogenosomes that allow efficient metabolic syntrophy between the hosts and the symbionts.[2] In A. flamelloides BUSSELTON2, the symbionts are suggested to be Desulfobacteraceae, that uses the hydrogenosome products from the host, including H2, acetate and propionate,[2] together with sulfate that they acquire through deep membrane-pits of the symbiosome to the cell-surrounding environment, in their metabolic pathways.[2]
References
[edit ]- ^ a b Stairs, Courtney W.; Táborský, Petr; Salomaki, Eric D.; Kolisko, Martin; Pánek, Tomáš; Eme, Laura; Hradilová, Miluše; Vlček, Čestmír; Jerlström-Hultqvist, Jon; Roger, Andrew J.; Čepička, Ivan (2021年12月20日). "Anaeramoebae are a divergent lineage of eukaryotes that shed light on the transition from anaerobic mitochondria to hydrogenosomes". Current Biology. 31 (24): 5605–5612.e5. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021年10月01日0 . ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 34710348. S2CID 240054026.
- ^ a b c d Jerlström-Hultqvist, Jon; Gallot-Lavallée, Lucie; Salas-Leiva, Dayana E.; Curtis, Bruce A.; Záhonová, Kristína; Čepička, Ivan; Stairs, Courtney W.; Pipaliya, Shweta; Dacks, Joel B.; Archibald, John M.; Roger, Andrew J. (2024年11月09日). "A unique symbiosome in an anaerobic single-celled eukaryote". Nature Communications. 15 (1): 9726. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-54102-7. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 11550330 . PMID 39521804.
- ^ a b Táborský, Petr; Pánek, Tomáš; Čepička, Ivan (2017). "Anaeramoebidae fam. nov., a Novel Lineage of Anaerobic Amoebae and Amoeboflagellates of Uncertain Phylogenetic Position". Protist. 168 (5): 495–526. doi:10.1016/j.protis.201707005. ISSN 1434-4610. PMID 28985627.
