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2. Aeronomy

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  2. From airglow OI 630 nm observations in the low-latitude ionosphere, we identified an enhancement in the emission rate inside Equatorial Plasma Bubbles (EPBs) on certain occasions after local midnight during eq...

    Authors: H. Takahashi, C. A. O. B. Figueiredo, C. M. Wrasse, D. Barros, C. S. Carmo, A. Carrasco, R. A. Buriti, I. Paulino, F. Egito, L. F. R. Vital, G. M. Rosa and A. H. R. Sampaio
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2025 77:148
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  3. Previous studies have shown the occurrence of short-duration plasma flow bursts, typically lasting a few minutes, within the cusp region, often accompanied by the poleward motion of the 630-nm aurora. In this ...

    Authors: Satoshi Taguchi, Tomokazu Oigawa, Yunosuke Nagafusa, Hiroyuki Shinagawa, Keisuke Hosokawa, Yasunobu Ogawa and Haruto Koike
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2025 77:136
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  4. Mt. Asama, Nagano Prefecture, Japan, erupted at 11:02 UT on September 1st, 2004. Ionospheric disturbances associated with this eruption were detected using TEC data and HF Doppler observations. It has already ...

    Authors: Hiroyuki Nakata, Aritsugu Chonan, Keisuke Hosokawa, Takuya Tsugawa, Michi Nishioka and Hiroyo Ohya
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2025 77:81
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  5. This paper leverages total electron content (TEC) perturbations obtained from an ultra-dense Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver network across the Japanese archipelago to reconstruct the three-...

    Authors: Weizheng Fu, Yuichi Otsuka, Nicholas Ssessanga, Atsuki Shinbori, Takuya Sori, Michi Nishioka and Septi Perwitasari
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2025 77:77
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

  7. Understanding the earliest formation stages of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) with electrodynamic signatures (commonly referred to as nighttime MSTIDs) is essential for comprehending ...

    Authors: Weizheng Fu, Yuichi Otsuka, Tatsuhiro Yokoyama, Zezhong Li, Mamoru Yamamoto, Michi Nishioka, Hidekatsu Jin, Keisuke Hosokawa and Claudia Stolle
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2025 77:71
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  8. The sporadic E layer (EsL), characterized by enhanced ionospheric electron density at around 100 km altitude, has been recognized as one of the prominent phenomena in the E region ionosphere and is known to in...

    Authors: Keisuke Hosokawa, Nanako Mayumi, Atsushi Yamamoto, Susumu Saito, Satoshi Andoh, Hiroyuki Shinagawa, Toru Takahashi, Jun Sakai, Takuo Tsuda, Ichiro Tomizawa, Hiroyuki Nakata, Akinori Saito, Manabu Shinohara, Michi Nishioka, Takuya Tsugawa and Mamoru Ishii
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2025 77:62
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  9. Horizontals drifts of equatorial Spread F (ESF) at post-sunset and post-midnight are investigated by analyzing six ESF events observed during the period of November 2022–March 2023. Horizontal drift velocities...

    Authors: Habtamu Marew, Jaroslav Chum, Maria Graciela Molina, Uma Ashrani and Carlos Martinis
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2025 77:31
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  11. The measurement of virtual height of the sporadic E layer (h'Es) is very sensitive to the type of ionosonde used and the calibration processes. The ionosondes used by the national institute of communication an...

    Authors: Sorai Teraoka, Huixin Liu, Michi Nishioka, Susumu Saito, Toru Takahashi, Atsushi Kumamoto, Yuki Ashihara and Takumi Abe
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2025 77:21
    Content type: Technical report Published on:

  12. Chemical heating rates were derived from three of the most significant reactions based on the analysis of common volume rocket-borne measurements of temperature, atomic oxygen densities, and neutral air densit...

    Authors: Mykhaylo Grygalashvyly, Boris Strelnikov, Irina Strelnikova, Markus Rapp, Franz-Josef Lübken, Corinna Schütt, Claudia Stephan, Martin Eberhart, Stefan Löhle and Stefanos Fasoulas
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2024 76:180
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  15. Using a nonlinear model of the general circulation of the middle and upper atmosphere (MUAM), spatio-temporal structures of planetary waves (PWs) during boreal winter were studied. Modeling of global atmospher...

    Authors: Kseniia A. Didenko, Andrey V. Koval, Tatiana S. Ermakova, Arsenii V. Sokolov and Olga N. Toptunova
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2024 76:124
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  16. The spatial and temporal variability of gravity waves (GWs) potential energy (Ep) over South America (SA) was examined by analyzing temperature profiles obtained through the utilization of Sounding of the Atmo...

    Authors: Toyese Tunde Ayorinde, Cristiano Max Wrasse, Hisao Takahashi, Diego Barros, Cosme Alexandre Oliveira Barros Figueiredo, Ligia Alves da silva and Anderson Vestena Bilibio
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2024 76:105
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  17. For the first time using computerized ionospheric tomography (CIT) and leveraging ultra-dense slant total electron content (STEC) measurements derived from two ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (...

    Authors: Weizheng Fu, Yuichi Otsuka and Nicholas Ssessanga
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2024 76:102
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  18. An improved method for identifying sporadic E (Es) layer properties from radio occultation (RO) electron density profiles (EDPs) is presented. The data used are sourced from COSMIC-1 RO EDPs collected between ...

    Authors: Haifeng Liu, Xiaohua Xu, Jia Luo and Tianyang Hu
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2024 76:93
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  19. The eruption of the Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha’apai volcano on 15 January 2022 significantly impacted the lower and upper atmosphere globally. Using multi-instrument observations, we described disturbances from the ...

    Authors: E. E. Pacheco, J. P. Velasquez, R. Flores, L. Condori, G. Fajardo, K. Kuyeng, D. E. Scipion, M. Milla, J. F. Conte, F. L. Poblet, J. L. Chau, J. Suclupe, R. Rojas and E. Manay
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2024 76:79
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  20. Geographical and seasonal variations of gravity wave events in the upper mesosphere were investigated using the nightglow imaging data obtained by the Visible and near-Infrared Spectral Imager (VISI) on the Io...

    Authors: Yuta Hozumi, Akinori Saito, Takeshi Sakanoi, Jia Yue, Atsushi Yamazaki and Hanli Liu
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2024 76:66
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  21. Since 2021, a new surge in discrete aurora detections at Mars has been observed by the Emirates Mars Ultraviolet Spectrometer (EMUS) onboard the Emirates Mars Mission (EMM) Hope Orbiter as EMUS started to regu...

    Authors: Yuki Harada, Yuka Fujiwara, Robert J. Lillis, Justin Deighan, Hiromu Nakagawa, Beatriz Sánchez-Cano, Mark Lester, Yoshifumi Futaana, Mats Holmström and Rudy A. Frahm
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2024 76:64
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

  23. The phenomenon known as strong thermal emission velocity enhancement (STEVE) is a purple/mauve arc-shaped atmospheric glow observed at lower latitudes of the auroral oval on the duskside. Simultaneous observat...

    Authors: Sota Nanjo, Gabriel Arne Hofstra, Kazuo Shiokawa, Atsuki Shinbori, Satonori Nozawa and Keisuke Hosokawa
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2024 76:55
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  24. Authors: Takanori Nishiyama, Masato Kagitani, Senri Furutachi, Yuki Iwasa, Yasunobu Ogawa, Takuo T. Tsuda, Peter Dalin, Fuminori Tsuchiya, Satonori Nozawa and Fred Sigernes
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2024 76:30
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

  25. The volcano of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai in Tonga erupted on 15 January 2022, generating severe disturbances in the atmosphere and the ionosphere. This event provided us with large amount of data of the atmospher...

    Authors: Hiroyuki Shinagawa and Yasunobu Miyoshi
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2024 76:15
    Content type: Frontier Letter Published on:

  26. On 30 October 2020 at 11:51 UT, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake occurred in the Dodecanese sea (37.84°N, 26.81°E, 10 km depth) and generated a tsunami with an observed run-up of more than 1 m on the Turkish coasts....

    Authors: Lucilla Alfonsi, Claudio Cesaroni, Manuel Hernandez-Pajares, Elvira Astafyeva, Simon Bufféral, Panagiotis Elias, Anna Belehaki, Tsagouri Ioanna, Heng Yang and Marco Guerra
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2024 76:13
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  27. Electrodynamic coupling between the ionospheric E and F regions is widely recognized as the underlying mechanism for generating medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) during nighttime at midl...

    Authors: Weizheng Fu, Yuichi Otsuka, Atsuki Shinbori, Michi Nishioka and Septi Perwitasari
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2024 76:7
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  29. This work shows a 3-year climatology of the horizontal components of the solar diurnal tide, obtained from wind measurements made by a multistatic specular meteor radar (SIMONe) located in Jicamarca, Peru (12

    Authors: Jose Suclupe, Jorge L. Chau, J. Federico Conte, Marco Milla, N. M. Pedatella and K. Kuyeng
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2023 75:186
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

  30. The occurrence of equatorial spread F (ESF) has the potential to detrimentally impact space-based technological systems. This study investigates the utility of ionosondes in forecasting the incidence of post-s...

    Authors: Prayitno Abadi, Umar Ali Ahmad, Yuichi Otsuka, Punyawi Jamjareegulgarn, Alif Almahi, Septi Perwitasari, Slamet Supriadi, Wendi Harjupa and Reza Rendian Septiawan
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2023 75:185
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  31. A giant ionospheric hole was simultaneously detected in the in situ measurements of FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 (F7/C2), Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON), Swarm missions, and ground-based total electron content ...

    Authors: Jong-Min Choi, Charles Chien-Hung Lin, P. K. Rajesh, Jia-Ting Lin, Marty Chou, Young-Sil Kwak and Shih-Ping Chen
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2023 75:184
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  32. The Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) undersea volcanic eruption that occurred at 04:15 UT on 15 January 2022 is one of the most explosive events in the modern era, and a vertical plume reached approximately 55...

    Authors: Atsuki Shinbori, Yuichi Otsuka, Takuya Sori, Michi Nishioka, Perwitasari Septi, Takuo Tsuda, Nozomu Nishitani, Atsushi Kumamoto, Fuminori Tsuchiya, Shoya Matsuda, Yoshiya Kasahara, Ayako Matsuoka, Satoko Nakamura, Yoshizumi Miyoshi and Iku Shinohara
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2023 75:175
    Content type: Frontier Letter Published on:

  33. In celestial bodies with tenuous collisionless atmospheres, such as Mercury, the spatial distribution of the exosphere is expected to reflect the surface composition. In this study, we discuss whether the dist...

    Authors: Yudai Suzuki, Kazuo Yoshioka, Go Murakami and Ichiro Yoshikawa
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2023 75:174
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  34. The explosive eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano on 15 January 2022 generated atmospheric waves traveling around the Earth, which caused ionospheric disturbances on various spatio-temporal scale...

    Authors: Hiroyuki Nakata, Keisuke Hosokawa, Susumu Saito, Yuichi Otsuka and Ichoro Tomizawa
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2023 75:158
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  35. High-Frequency Doppler (HFD) sounders at low-latitudes often detect characteristic oblique spreading Doppler traces in the spectrogram, known as Oblique Spread Structure (OSS). OSS has been expected to be gene...

    Authors: Hiromi Sejima, Keisuke Hosokawa, Hiroyuki Nakata, Jaroslav Chum, Chien-Hung Lin and Jia-Ting Lin
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2023 75:156
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  36. It has long been known that field-aligned irregularities within equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) can cause long-range propagation of radio waves in the VHF frequencies such as those used for TV broadcasting th...

    Authors: Keisuke Hosokawa, Susumu Saito, Hiroyuki Nakata, Chien-Hung Lin, Jia-Ting Lin, Pornchai Supnithi, Ichiro Tomizawa, Jun Sakai, Toru Takahashi, Takuya Tsugawa, Michi Nishioka and Mamoru Ishii
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2023 75:152
    Content type: Frontier Letter Published on:

  37. Interaction between Equatorial Plasma Bubbles (EPBs) and midnight Brightness wave (MBW) was observed over Bom Jesus da Lapa (13.3° S, 43.5° W; Quasi-Dipole geomagnetic latitude of 14.1° S), using OI 630 nm all...

    Authors: Cosme Alexandre Oliveira Barros Figueiredo, Rodrigo A. Miranda, Cristiano Max Wrasse, Hisao Takahashi, Diego Barros, Fábio Egito, Geângelo de Matos Rosa and Antonio Hélder Rodrigues Sampaio
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2023 75:141
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  38. Physics-based simulations are important for elucidating the fundamental mechanisms behind the time-varying complex ionospheric conditions, such as ionospheric potential, against unprecedented solar wind variat...

    Authors: Ryuho Kataoka, Shinya Nakano and Shigeru Fujita
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2023 75:139
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

  39. Using COSMIC-2 and METOP radio occultation measurements during the years 2020 and 2021, the study presents the first direct and independent relationship between the potential energy (Ep) in the stratosphere, prec...

    Authors: Toyese Tunde Ayorinde, Cristiano Max Wrasse, Hisao Takahashi, Diego Barros, Cosme Alexandre Oliveira Barros Figueiredo, Solomon Otoo Lomotey, Patrick Essien and Anderson Vestena Bilibio
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2023 75:136
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  40. We describe a mode for two-dimensional UHF (445 MHz) radar observations of F-region irregularities using the 14-panel version of the advanced modular incoherent scatter radar (AMISR-14). We also present and discu...

    Authors: F. S. Rodrigues, M. A. Milla, D. Scipion, J. M. Apaza, K. M. Kuyeng, J. Sousasantos, A. A. Massoud and C. Padin
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2023 75:120
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  41. We study the effect of the mirror force on the collision rate due to the energetic electron precipitation into the ionosphere. We solve the motion of individual precipitating electrons with the mirror force, w...

    Authors: Yuto Katoh, Paul Simon Rosendahl, Yasunobu Ogawa, Yasutaka Hiraki and Hiroyasu Tadokoro
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2023 75:117
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

  42. I address the problem of estimating the time-rate-of-change of high-latitude Birkeland currents by using a string-of-pearls formation of satellites. Space series are calculated by linear interpolation of measu...

    Authors: Johnathan K. Burchill
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2023 75:116
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

  43. On January 15, 2022, we observed various unusual atmospheric wave events over South America: Atmospheric pressure waves (Lamb mode) around 12:30 to 17:30 UT, tsunamis along the Chilean coast at around 17:00 to...

    Authors: H. Takahashi, C. A. O. B. Figueiredo, D. Barros, C. M. Wrasse, G. A. Giongo, R. H. Honda, L. F. R. Vital, L. C. A. Resende, P. K. Nyassor, T. T. Ayorinde, C. S. Carmo, M. B. Padua and Y. Otsuka
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2023 75:92
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  45. Ion drag associated with the ionospheric plasma convection plays an important role in the high-latitude thermospheric dynamics, yet changes in the thermospheric wind with geomagnetic activity are not fully und...

    Authors: Shin-ichiro Oyama, Anita Aikio, Takeshi Sakanoi, Keisuke Hosokawa, Heikki Vanhamäki, Lei Cai, Ilkka Virtanen, Marcus Pedersen, Kazuo Shiokawa, Atsuki Shinbori, Nozomu Nishitani and Yasunobu Ogawa
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2023 75:70
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  46. Using an atmosphere–ionosphere coupled model (GAIA), atmospheric and ionospheric perturbations triggered by the 2022 Hunga-Tonga volcanic eruption are studied. Our result shows that ionospheric perturbations a...

    Authors: Yasunobu Miyoshi and Hiroyuki Shinagawa
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2023 75:68
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

  49. In this study, the neutral wind observations from the Michelson Interferometer for Global High-resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) instrument onboard Ionospheric CONnections (ICON) are used to investigat...

    Authors: Dan Li, Hong Gao, Jiyao Xu, Yajun Zhu, Qiuyu Xu, Yangkun Liu and Hongshan Liu
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2023 75:59
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  50. An analysis of the mechanisms that caused the storm-time effects during two geomagnetic storms that occurred on 17 March 2013 and 2015 is presented. We used Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) derived To...

    Authors: Valence Habyarimana, John Bosco Habarulema and Teshome Dugassa
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2023 75:58
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

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