Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, second unified edition, English volume

Pandemic (PANDEMIC)

Translation
Section	English 423	Arabic 423	Czech 423	German 423	Spanish 423	French 423	Italian 423	Japanese 423	Portuguese 423	Russian 423	Chinese 423
423-1	endemic disease	قرأة—مرض مستوطن	endemie	Endemie	endémica	endémie	endemica	風土病	doença endêmica	Эндемические болезни	地方病
423-2	epidemic	وباء	epidemie	Epidemie	epidemia	épidémie	epidemia	流行病	epidemia	Эпидемии	流行病
423-3	pandemic	جائحة	pandemie	Pandemie	pandemia	pandémie	pandemia	世界的流行病	pandemia	Пандемии	流行病
423-4	infectious disease —communicable disease	أمراض نقولة—أمراض سارية	infekční nemoc	Infektiöse Krankheit —Übertragbare Krankheit	enfermedades contagiosas —transmisibles	maladie transmissible	malattie trasmissibili	感染症 —伝染病	doenças infecciosas —doenças transmissíveis	Заразные болезни —Болезни заразные	传染病
423-5	epidemic disease	أمراض وبائية	epidemická nemoc	Seuche	enfermedades epidémicas	maladie épidémique	malattie epidemiche	流行病	doenças epidêmicas	Эпидемические заболевания	流行病
423-6	epidemiological statistics	إحصاء الأوبئة	epidemiologická statistika	Statistik der epidemischen Krankheiten —Statistik Seuchen- —Seuchenstatistik	estadísticas epidemiológicas	statistique épidémiologique	statistiche epidemiologiche	疫学統計	estatísticas epidemiológicas	Эпидемиологическая статистика —Статистика эпидемических заболеваний	统计资料
423-7	notifiable disease	أمراض واجبة التبليغ	povinně hlášená nemoc	meldepflichtige Krankheit	enfermedades de declaración obligatoria	maladie à déclaration obligatoire	malattie soggette a denuncia obbligatoria	届出伝染病	doenças de notificação	Болезни, подлежащие обязательной заявке	应报告的疾病
423-8	chronic disease	مرض المزمن	nemoc, chronická	chronische Krankheit	enfermedades crónicas	maladie chronique	malattie croniche	慢性病	doenças crônicas	Хронические болезни	慢性病
423-9	acute disease	مرض الحاد	nemoc, akutní	akute Krankheit	enfermedades agudas	maladie aiguë	malattie acute	急性病	doenças agudas	Острые заболевания	急性病

An endemic disease ¹ is one that permanently affects substantial segments of a population, in contrast with an epidemic ², which spreads and then disappears within a fairly short time; when it appears in a large number of countries, it is called a pandemic ³. Certain infectious diseases ⁴ or communicable diseases ⁴ have attracted particular attention, because they are capable of infecting large numbers of persons within relatively short time intervals. In such instances we speak of epidemic diseases ⁵, and special epidemiological statistics ⁶ are collected to show their incidence. It is possible to obtain information about these illnesses in various countries because legislation has made their reporting compulsory; they are therefore called notifiable diseases ⁷. A distinction is sometimes made between chronic diseases ⁸ and acute diseases ⁹. These terms are not precisely defined, but acute diseases are generally understood to be those of abrupt onset and short duration while chronic diseases are those with slow onset and long duration, and often causing prolonged disability.

2. Epidemic, n., also used as adj.
4. Infectious, adj. - infect, v. - infection, n. The terms communicable diseases, contagious diseases and infectious diseases are not synonymous. A contagious disease can only be transmitted from person to person; thus, malaria, a communicable disease, is not contagious. Moreover, certain infectious diseases are not communicable.
6. Epidemiology, n.: the science dealing with epidemics - epidemiologist, n.: a specialist in epidemiology - epidemiological, adj.: pertaining to epidemiology. The meaning of these terms has expanded greatly, and epidemiology now covers the study of relations between a biological or medical phenomenon and various factors, such as tobacco for example in "the epidemiology of lung cancer," or alternatively the statistical analysis of geographic variations in health phenomena.