Zanabazar square script
| Zanabazar's square script 𑨢𑨆𑨏𑨳𑨋𑨆𑨬𑨳 | |
|---|---|
| Script type | |
| Creator | Zanabazar |
Period | unknown |
| Direction | Left-to-right Edit this on Wikidata |
| Languages | Mongolian, Tibetan, Sanskrit |
| Related scripts | |
Parent systems | |
| ISO 15924 | |
| ISO 15924 | Zanb (339), Zanabazar Square (Zanabazarin Dörböljin Useg, Xewtee Dörböljin Bicig, Horizontal Square Script) |
| Unicode | |
Unicode alias | Zanabazar Square |
| |
| Brahmic scripts |
|---|
| The Brahmi script and its descendants |
|
Southern Brahmic |
Zanabazar's square script is a horizontal Mongolian square script (Mongolian: Хэвтээ Дөрвөлжин бичиг, romanized: Hevtee Dörvöljin bichig or Хэвтээ Дөрвөлжин Үсэг, Hevtee Dörvöljin Üseg),[1] an abugida developed by the monk and scholar Zanabazar based on the Tibetan alphabet to write Mongolian. It can also be used to write Tibetan language and Sanskrit as a geometric typeface.[2] [3]
It was re-discovered in 1801 and the script's applications during its using period are not known. It read left to right, and employed vowel diacritics above and below the consonant letters.[1]
Letters
[edit ]Vowels
[edit ]The Zanabazar Square script is an abugida. Each consonant represents a syllable with an inherent vowel /a/. The vowel can be changed by adding a diacritic to the consonant. Only the vowel /a/ is written as an independent letter; other independent vowels, for example those at the start of a word which can't be attached to a consonant, are written by adding the appropriate diacritic to the letter ⟨𑨀⟩. A length mark indicates that the vowel sound is long and a chandrabindu ⟨𑨵⟩ indicates that it is nasalised.[4] The final consonant mark ⟨𑨳⟩ functions as a virama, or "killer stroke" that removes the inherent vowel, leaving an isolated consonant. When transcribing Sanskrit or Tibetan, a different virama, ⟨𑨴⟩ is used. Two additional diacritics are used for Sanskrit transcription, the anusvara ⟨𑨸⟩, which adds nasalisation and the visarga ⟨𑨹⟩, which adds aspiration.
| diacritics | ◌ 𑨁 i
|
◌ 𑨂 ü
|
◌ 𑨃 u
|
◌ 𑨄 e
|
◌ 𑨅 ö
|
◌𑨆 o
|
◌𑨇 ai or i
|
◌𑨈 au or u
|
◌𑨉 i
|
◌𑨊 ā
|
◌𑨵 ã
|
◌𑨳
|
◌ 𑨴
|
◌𑨸 ṃ
|
◌𑨹 ḥ
| |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| independent vowels | 𑨀 a
|
𑨀𑨁 i
|
𑨀𑨂 ü
|
𑨀𑨃 u
|
𑨀𑨄 e
|
𑨀𑨅 ö
|
𑨀𑨆 o
|
𑨀𑨇 ai or i
|
𑨀𑨈 au or u
|
𑨀𑨉 i
|
𑨀𑨊 ā
|
𑨀𑨵 ã
|
𑨀𑨸 aṃ
|
𑨀𑨹 aḥ
| ||
| consonant ⟨𑨋⟩ + diacritic | 𑨋 ka
|
𑨋𑨁 ki
|
𑨋𑨂 kü
|
𑨋𑨃 ku
|
𑨋𑨄 ke
|
𑨋𑨅 kö
|
𑨋𑨆 ko
|
𑨋𑨇 kai
or ki |
𑨋𑨈 kau
or ku |
𑨋𑨉 ki
|
𑨋𑨊 kā
|
𑨋𑨵 kã
|
𑨋𑨳 k
|
𑨋𑨴 k
|
𑨋𑨸 kaṃ
|
𑨋𑨹 kaḥ
|
Consonants
[edit ]The Zanabazar script includes twenty basic consonants used for writing Mongolian, and twenty additional consonants that are used for transcribing Sanskrit, Tibetan, Chinese, and other languages.[4]
Basic consonants for Mongolian- ^ Sometimes substituted for non-initial va.
Tibetan consonant clusters
[edit ]The following diacritics are used for transcribing Tibetan consonant clusters.
| diacritic | 𑨺 r-
|
◌𑨻 -ya
|
◌𑨼 -ra
|
◌𑨽 -la
|
◌𑨾 -va
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| consonant ⟨𑨋⟩+ diacritic | 𑨺𑨋 rka
|
𑨋𑨻 kya
|
𑨋𑨼 kra
|
𑨋𑨽 kla
|
𑨋𑨾 kva
|
Other characters
[edit ]Head marks are similar to Tibetan yig mgo, and may be used to mark the beginning of a text, page, or section. They may be decorated with a candra, ⟨𑨷⟩ or ⟨𑨶⟩
Head marksUnicode
[edit ]"Zanabazar Square" has been included in the Unicode Standard since the release of Unicode version 10.0 in June 2017. The Zanabazar Square block contains 72 characters.[5]
The Unicode block for Zanabazar Square is U+11A00–U+11A4F:
See also
[edit ]References
[edit ]- ^ a b Pandey, Anshuman (2015年12月03日). "L2/15-337: Proposal to Encode the Zanabazar Square Script in ISO/IEC 10646" (PDF). ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2.
- ^ Shagdarsürüng, Tseveliin (2001). ""Study of Mongolian Scripts (Graphic Study or Grammatology). Enl."". Bibliotheca Mongolica: Monograph 1.
- ^ Bareja-Starzyńska, Agata; Byambaa Ragchaa (2012). ""Notes on the Pre-existences of the First Khalkha Jetsundampa Zanabazar according to His Biography Written in the Horizontal Square Script."". Rocznik Orientalistyczny 1.
- ^ a b "Mongolian Horizontal Square Script". www.omniglot.com. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
- ^ "Unicode 10.0.0". Unicode Consortium. June 20, 2017. Retrieved June 21, 2017.