Turkish Braille
| Turkish Braille | |
|---|---|
| Script type | alphabet
|
Print basis | Turkish alphabet |
| Languages | Turkish |
| Related scripts | |
Parent systems | Braille
|
Turkish Braille (kabartma yazı) is the braille alphabet of the Turkish language.
Alphabet
[edit ]Turkish Braille follows international usage. The vowels with diacritics, ö and ü, have their French/German forms, whereas the consonants with diacritics, ç, ğ, and ş, have the forms of the nearest English approximations, ch, gh, and sh. Dotless i is derived by shifting down.[1] [2] [3]
a ⠃ (braille pattern dots-12)
b ⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)
c ⠡ (braille pattern dots-16)
ç ⠙ (braille pattern dots-145)
d ⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)
e ⠋ (braille pattern dots-124)
f ⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245)
g ⠣ (braille pattern dots-126)
ğ ⠓ (braille pattern dots-125)
h
ı ⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
i ⠚ (braille pattern dots-245)
j ⠅ (braille pattern dots-13)
k ⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)
l ⠍ (braille pattern dots-134)
m ⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345)
n ⠕ (braille pattern dots-135)
o ⠪ (braille pattern dots-246)
ö ⠏ (braille pattern dots-1234)
p
r ⠎ (braille pattern dots-234)
s ⠩ (braille pattern dots-146)
ş ⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345)
t ⠥ (braille pattern dots-136)
u ⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256)
ü ⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)
v ⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456)
y ⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356)
z ⠀ (braille pattern blank)
The accent point, ⠈, is used for â, î, û. Point ⠠ is used for capitals.[3]
Punctuation
[edit ]Punctuation and arithmetical signs are as follows:[3]
◌̂ ⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)
' ⠂ (braille pattern dots-2)
, ⠆ (braille pattern dots-23)
; ⠒ (braille pattern dots-25)
: ⠲ (braille pattern dots-256)
. [4] ⠖ (braille pattern dots-235)
! ⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)
? ⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)
- ⠀ (braille pattern blank)
(space)
( ... ) ⠦ (braille pattern dots-236) ...⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)
" ... " ⠤ (braille pattern dots-36) ⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)
(quote dash) ⠜ (braille pattern dots-345) ⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)
(poetry)
* ⠰ (braille pattern dots-56) ⠒ (braille pattern dots-25)
/ ⠰ (braille pattern dots-56) ⠢ (braille pattern dots-26)
+ ⠰ (braille pattern dots-56) ⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)
− ⠰ (braille pattern dots-56) ⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)
=
⠜⠜ is perhaps related to ⠜ in Irish Braille, which marks a new line of verse.
For quotations, the dash — is used differently from inverted commas "...", for example when transcribing short turns in dialog.
Extensions to other languages
[edit ]Azeri (Azerbaijani) Braille adds the letters x and q with their international forms ⠭ and ⠟. These letters are used in Azeri Braille, or in the case of Turkish Braille, in foreign words. w is only used for foreign words in both Turkish and Azeri Braille. Azeri Braille uses the accent mark ⠈ to derive print ə (formerly ä) from a.[5] [unreliable source? ]
ə ⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)
x ⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345)
q ⠺ (braille pattern dots-2456)
w
References
[edit ]- ^ Beysehir Guidance and Research Centre
- ^ "KABARTMA YAZI BRAİLLE | SELİM ALTINOK ve KERİM ALTINOK". Archived from the original on 2013年02月11日. Retrieved 2013年02月11日.
- ^ a b c (two Turkish Braille charts)
- ^ And thus ⠲⠲⠲ for ellipsis
- ^ World Braille Usage, UNESCO, 2013