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Ventral lateral nucleus

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Ventral lateral nucleus
Thalamic nuclei
Identifiers
NeuroNames 337
NeuroLex IDbirnlex_1237
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy

The ventral lateral nucleus (VL) is a nucleus in the ventral nuclear group of the thalamus.

Inputs and outputs

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It receives neuronal inputs from the basal ganglia which includes the substantia nigra and the globus pallidus (via the thalamic fasciculus). It also has inputs from the cerebellum (via the dentatothalamic tract).

It sends neuronal output to the primary motor cortex and premotor cortex.

The ventral lateral nucleus in the thalamus forms the motor functional division in the thalamic nuclei along with the ventral anterior nucleus. The ventral lateral nucleus receives motor information from the cerebellum and the globus pallidus. Output from the ventral lateral nucleus then goes to the primary motor cortex.[1]

Functions

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The function of the ventral lateral nucleus is to target efferents including the motor cortex, premotor cortex, and supplementary motor cortex. Therefore, its function helps the coordination and planning of movement. It also plays a role in the learning of movement.[2]

Clinical significance

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A lesion of the VL has been associated with synesthesia.[3]

Subdivisions

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The subdivisions of the ventral lateral nucleus include the following nuclei.

  • ventral medial nucleus[4] (a.k.a. medial part of ventral lateral nucleus)
  • anterior ventral lateral nucleus[5] (pallidal inputs, projects mainly to premotor cortex[6] : 339 )
  • posterior ventral lateral nucleus[7] (cerebellar inputs,[6] : 339  principal relay to motor cortex[6] : 337 )

Additional images

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References

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  1. ^ Orrison Jr., W. (2008). Atlas of Brain Function. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
  2. ^ Crosson, B., (1992). Subcortical Functions in Language and Memory. New York: The Guliford Press.
  3. ^ Ro T, Farnè A, Johnson RM, et al. (2007). "Feeling sounds after a thalamic lesion". Annals of Neurology. 62 (5): 433–41. doi:10.1002/ana.21219. PMID 17893864.
  4. ^ BrainInfo NeuroName 340
  5. ^ BrainInfo NeuroName 338
  6. ^ a b c Jones, E. (1998). "Viewpoint: The core and matrix of thalamic organization". Neuroscience. 85 (2): 331–345. doi:10.1016/S0306-4522(97)00581-2. PMID 9622234.
  7. ^ BrainInfo NeuroName 339
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Anatomy of the diencephalon of the human brain
Epithalamus
Surface
Grey matter
Thalamus
Surface
Grey matter/
nuclei
White matter
Hypothalamus
Surface
Grey matter
Autonomic zones
Endocrine
Emotion
White matter
Pituitary
Subthalamus
Sensory
DCML
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:
Anterolateral/
pain
Fast/lateral
Slow/medial
Motor
Pyramidal
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flexion:
flexion:
extension:
extension:
Basal ganglia
direct:
indirect:
nigrostriatal pathway:
Cerebellar
Afferent
Efferent
Bidirectional:
Spinocerebellar
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