Thangmi language

Thangmi consists of two dialects, Dolakhā (East) and Sindhupālchok (West). They differ in terms of phonology, nominal, and verbal morphology and in lexicon. The majority of the Thangmi speaking population use the Dolakhā dialect while only a handful speak in Sindhupālcok. The Dolakhā dialect offers a more complete verbal agreement system while the Sindhupālcok dialect has a more complex nominal morphology.

The Thami population are people who are rich in cultural and traditions. Their language is a large part of who they are and they portray this in their cultural, mostly in music. The Nepal Tham Society (NTS) produced a handful of Thangmi songs that were recorded in 2007. The lyrics were written by Singh Bahadur Thami, Devendra Thami and Lok Bahadur Thami. Here are some examples:

[1]

[2]

[3]

The following 210-word list of five Thami dialects is from Regmi, et al. (2014).^[4] The dialects covered are:

• Babre VDC, Dolakha District
• Lapilang VDC, Dolakha District
• Suspa Kshamavati VDC, Dolakha District
• Daduwa VDC, Ramechhap District
• Chokati VDC, Sindhupalchok District

Baram words from Kansakar (2010)^[5] are also provided for comparison.

• Turin, Mark (2012), A grammar of the Thangmi language, Brill, ISBN 978-9004155268 . 2012.

• Saxena, A. (Ed.). (2004). Himalayan languages: past and present (Vol. 149). Walter de Gruyter.
• Turin, Mark (1998). "The Thangmi Verbal Agreement System and the Kiranti Connection". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 61 (3): 476–491. doi:10.1017/s0041977x00019303.
• Turin, M. (2012). "Voices of vanishing worlds: Endangered languages, orality, and cognition". Análise Social. 47 (205): 846–869.
• Bradley, D. (2012). "[Review of A Grammar of the Thangmi Language: With an Ethnographic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture. Brill's Tibetan Studies Library 5/6]". Anthropological Linguistics. 54 (3): 302–305. doi:10.1353/anl.2012.0014. S2CID 144836849.
• Shneiderman, S. B. (2009). "The formation of political consciousness in rural Nepal". Dialectical Anthropology. 33 (3/4): 287–308. doi:10.1007/s10624-009-9129-2. S2CID 42405766.
• Shneiderman, S.; Turin, M. (2000). "Thangmi, Thami, Thani? Remembering a Forgotten People". Himalayan Culture. 5 (1): 4–20.
• Turin, M (1999). "By way of incest and the golden deer: how the Thangmi came to be and the pitfalls of oral history". Journal of Nepalese Studies. 3 (1): 13–19.
• Shneiderman, S. B. (2009). Rituals of ethnicity: Migration, mixture, and the making of Thangmi identity across Himalayan borders (Doctoral dissertation, Cornell University).
• Sara, S. (2015). Epilogue: Thami ke ho?What Is Thami?. In, Rituals of Ethnicity : Thangmi Identities Between Nepal and India (p. 252). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
• Sara, S. (2015). 3. Origin Myths and Myths of Originality. In, Rituals of Ethnicity : Thangmi Identities Between Nepal and India (p. 61). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
• Grierson, G. A. (1909). Tibeto-Burman Family: General Introduction, Specimens of the Tibetan Dialects, the Himalayan Dialects, and the North Assam group. (Linguistic Survey of India, III(I).) Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing. 669pp.
• Shneiderman, S. (2010). ‘Producing’ Thangmi Ritual Texts: Practice, performance and collaboration. In Imogen Gunn and Mark Turin (eds.) Language Documentation and Description, Vol 8, 159–174 London: SOAS.
• Turin, M. (2011). Languages of the Greater Himalayan Region, Volume 6: A Grammar of the Thangmi Language (2 vols): With an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture. Brill.

• OLAC resources in and about the Thangmi language
• http://www.digitalhimalaya.com/collections/music/rengpatangko/
• http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/4838