Paralomis
| Paralomis | |
|---|---|
| Paralomis granulosa | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Clade: | Pancrustacea |
| Class: | Malacostraca |
| Order: | Decapoda |
| Suborder: | Pleocyemata |
| Infraorder: | Anomura |
| Family: | Lithodidae |
| Subfamily: | Lithodinae |
| Genus: | Paralomis White, 1856[1] |
| Type species | |
| Paralomis granulosa (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846)
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| Synonyms [2] | |
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Paralomis is a widely distributed, highly speciose, and morphologically diverse genus of king crabs in the subfamily Lithodinae.[2] [3]
Description
[edit ]Like all king crabs, Paralomis has evolved a crab-like appearance through a process called carcinisation.[3] Paralomis has either a pentagonal or pyriform carapace.[3] At the very front, its rostrum consists of one short, conical spine projecting forward in the middle and one or more pairs of spines angled upward around the base.[3] [4] Like all king crabs, the gastric region, directly behind the rostrum, is elevated above the others.[3] Like Lithodes and Neolithodes , the cardiac region – directly behind the gastric region, separated by a deep groove – is triangular.[3] Its three pairs of walking legs – morphologically similar, with the middle pair typically being the longest – are not covered at their bases by the carapace.[3] In adults, the undersides of the dactyli feature horn-like spines.[3] The abdomen is more calcified than in other king crab genera: the second segment is undivided, the third segment has fused submedian and marginal (outer) plates, and segments three, four, and five are all entirely calcified.[3]
Distribution
[edit ]Paralomis is present in four of Earth's five oceans – namely the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Southern – as well as all seven continents.[3] They are found from the very shallow intertidal zone to the deep, perpetually dark abyssal zone.[4] The deepest known species of Paralomis is P. bouvieri , which has been discovered living at 4,152 m (13,622 ft).[3]
Taxonomy
[edit ]Paralomis was described in 1856 by zoologist Adam White and named for its similarity to the genus Lomis .[1] In 1895, marine biologist James Everard Benedict incorrectly placed Paralomis granulosa , the genus' type species, under the genus Lithodes .[5] [3] Benedict therefore dissolved the genus and created two now-defunct ones – Leptolithodes and Pristopus – for other members of Paralomis.[5] [3] Paralomis is closely related to Echidnocerus , and the monospecific genus Glyptolithodes – nested cladistically inside Paralomis – may simply be a species of Paralomis.[6] [7] [8]
Paralomis contains over 70 species – more than any other king crab genus – and is the most morphologically diverse genus in the subfamily Lithodinae.[3] [4] It contains one fossil species, Paralomis debodeorum , which lived in New Zealand in the Middle–Late Miocene.[3] Paralomis is distinguished from other king crabs by its abdominal segments: the second is undivided, and the third, fourth, and fifth are entirely calcified.[3] Current scientific consensus is that Paralomis is monophyletic, although within this group, carcinologist Shane T. Ahyong in 2010 identified several informal subgroups of Paralomis.[3] Paralomis' relationship to other king crabs can be seen in the following cladogram:[6]
Lithodidae cladogram
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