Mairasi language
| Mairasi | |
|---|---|
| Native to | West Papua, Indonesia |
| Region | Bomberai Peninsula |
Native speakers | (3,300 cited 1996)[1] |
Mairasi
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | zrs |
| Glottolog | nucl1594 |
Mairasi (a.k.a. Faranyao and Kaniran) is a Papuan language of the Bomberai Peninsula of West Papua, Indonesia.
The Northeastern dialect may be a distinct language.
Distribution
[edit ]Locations:[2]
- Kaimana Regency
- Interior villages: Umbran, Jamna Fata, Matna, Tarwata, Sara, Kasira, Orai, Wangatnau, Faranyau, and Sarifan
- Coastal villages: Sisir, Foroma Jaya, Warasi, Lobo, Lomira, Morona, Nanggwaromi, Omay (May may), and Warika
- Teluk Wondama Regency
- Naikere District villages: Sararti, Oya, Yabore, Wosimo, Undurara, and Inyora
Phonology
[edit ]| Bilabial | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Velar | Glottal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ||
| Plosive | voiceless | t | ʔ | |
| voiced | b | d | dʒ | ɡ |
| Fricative | voiceless | ɸ | s | |
| voiced | β | |||
| Liquid | r | |||
| Semivowel | w | |||
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u |
| Mid | e | o |
| Back | a | |
Pronouns
[edit ]Mairasi possessor prefixes are:[3]
sg pl 1 o- ee- 2 ne- e- 3 na- ne-
Morphology
[edit ]Case markers
[edit ]Noun phrase case markers in Mairasi:[3] : 546
- instrumental suffix -t
- locative postposition ar
- allative postposition ev(i)
Some examples:
ovuru-t
machete-INSTR
ovuru-t
machete-INSTR
‘with a machete’
weso
house
ar
LOC
weso ar
house LOC
‘in the house’
mundu
village
evi
ALL
mundu evi
village ALL
‘to the village’
Possessors
[edit ]Mairasi possessor prefixes:[3] : 546
sg pl 1 o- ee- 2 ne- e- 3 na- ne-
Examples of inalienable possessors:
ee-rovo
1PL.POSS-hand
ee-rovo
1PL.POSS-hand
‘our hands’
na-iambi
3SG.POSS-skin
na-iambi
3SG.POSS-skin
‘his skin’
Directionals
[edit ]Mairasi has two directional suffixes, which are only used with movement verbs.[3] : 549
- -aʔi ‘up, inland’
- -ari ‘down, seaward’
Examples of directional suffixes in use:
o-is-aʔi
1SG.SBJ-stand-up
o-is-aʔi
1SG.SBJ-stand-up
‘I stand up’
o-fon-ari
1SG.SBJ-sit-down
o-fon-ari
1SG.SBJ-sit-down
‘I sit down’
Animacy
[edit ]Animacy is marked by the adjective modifier n-, as exemplified by the contrast in the following two noun phrases.[3] : 546
fariri
word
Ø-avwer
INAN-big
fariri Ø-avwer
word INAN-big
‘a big word’
fariri
word
n-avwer
ANIM-big
fariri n-avwer
word ANIM-big
‘a long-winded person’
Vowel changes can modify the number of animate nouns:[3] : 546
uratu
fish
n-avwer
ANIM-big.SG
uratu n-avwer
fish ANIM-big.SG
‘a big fish’
uratu
fish
n-evwer
ANIM-big.PL
uratu n-evwer
fish ANIM-big.PL
‘big fishes’
References
[edit ]- ^ Mairasi at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Ronsumbre, Adolof (2020). Ensiklopedia Suku Bangsa di Provinsi Papua Barat. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kepel Press. ISBN 978-602-356-318-0.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Foley, William A. (2018). "The languages of Northwest New Guinea". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 433–568. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.