MILNET
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
US military network
Internet history timeline
Early research and development:
- 1960–1962: J. C. R. Licklider networking ideas
- 1960–1964: RAND networking concepts developed
- 1962–1964: ARPA networking ideas
- 1965 (1965): NPL network concepts conceived
- 1966 (1966): Merit Network founded
- 1967 (1967): ARPANET planning begins
- 1967 (1967): Symposium on Operating Systems Principles
- 1969 (1969): NPL followed by the ARPANET carry their first packets
- 1970 (1970): Network Information Center (NIC)
- 1971 (1971): Tymnet switched-circuit network
- 1972 (1972): Merit Network's packet-switched network operational
- 1972 (1972): Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) established
- 1973 (1973): CYCLADES network demonstrated
- 1973 (1973): PARC Universal Packet development begins
- 1974 (1974): Transmission Control Program specification published
- 1975 (1975): Telenet commercial packet-switched network
- 1976 (1976): X.25 protocol approved and deployed on public data networks
- 1978 (1978): Minitel introduced
- 1979 (1979): Internet Activities Board (IAB)
- 1980 (1980): USENET news using UUCP
- 1980 (1980): Ethernet standard introduced
- 1981 (1981): BITNET established
Merging the networks and creating the Internet:
- 1981 (1981): Computer Science Network (CSNET)
- 1982 (1982): TCP/IP protocol suite formalized
- 1982 (1982): Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
- 1983 (1983): Domain Name System (DNS)
- 1983 (1983): MILNET split off from ARPANET
- 1984 (1984): OSI Reference Model released
- 1985 (1985): First .COM domain name registered
- 1986 (1986): NSFNET with 56 kbit/s links
- 1986 (1986): Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
- 1987 (1987): UUNET founded
- 1988 (1988): NSFNET upgraded to 1.5 Mbit/s (T1)
- 1988 (1988): Morris worm
- 1988 (1988): Complete Internet protocol suite
- 1989 (1989): Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
- 1989 (1989): PSINet founded, allows commercial traffic
- 1989 (1989): Federal Internet Exchanges (FIX East|FIXes)
- 1990 (1990): GOSIP (without TCP/IP)
- 1990 (1990): ARPANET decommissioned
- 1990 (1990): Advanced Network and Services (ANS)
- 1990 (1990): UUNET/Alternet allows commercial traffic
- 1990 (1990): Archie search engine
- 1991 (1991): Wide area information server (WAIS)
- 1991 (1991): Gopher
- 1991 (1991): Commercial Internet eXchange (CIX)
- 1991 (1991): ANS CO+RE allows commercial traffic
- 1991 (1991): World Wide Web (WWW)
- 1992 (1992): NSFNET upgraded to 45 Mbit/s (T3)
- 1992 (1992): Internet Society (ISOC) established
- 1993 (1993): Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
- 1993 (1993): InterNIC established
- 1993 (1993): AOL added USENET access
- 1993 (1993): Mosaic web browser released
- 1994 (1994): Full text web search engines
- 1994 (1994): North American Network Operators' Group (NANOG) established
Commercialization, privatization, broader access leads to the modern Internet:
- 1995 (1995): New Internet architecture with commercial ISPs connected at NAPs
- 1995 (1995): NSFNET decommissioned
- 1995 (1995): GOSIP updated to allow TCP/IP
- 1995 (1995): very high-speed Backbone Network Service (vBNS)
- 1995 (1995): IPv6 proposed
- 1996 (1996): AOL changes pricing model from hourly to monthly
- 1998 (1998): Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
- 1999 (1999): IEEE 802.11b wireless networking
- 1999 (1999): Internet2/Abilene Network
- 1999 (1999): vBNS+ allows broader access
- 2000 (2000): Dot-com bubble bursts
- 2001 (2001): New top-level domain names activated
- 2001 (2001): Code Red I, Code Red II, and Nimda worms
- 2003 (2003): UN World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) phase I
- 2003 (2003): National LambdaRail founded
- 2004 (2004): UN Working Group on Internet Governance (WGIG)
- 2005 (2005): UN WSIS phase II
- 2006 (2006): First meeting of the Internet Governance Forum
- 2010 (2010): First internationalized country code top-level domains registered
- 2012 (2012): ICANN begins accepting applications for new generic top-level domain names
- 2013 (2013): Montevideo Statement on the Future of Internet Cooperation
- 2014 (2014): NetMundial international Internet governance proposal
- 2016 (2016): ICANN contract with U.S. Dept. of Commerce ends, IANA oversight passes to the global Internet community on October 1st
Examples of Internet services:
- 1989 (1989): AOL dial-up service provider, email, instant messaging, and web browser
- 1990 (1990): IMDb Internet movie database
- 1994 (1994): Yahoo! web directory
- 1995 (1995): Amazon online retailer
- 1995 (1995): eBay online auction and shopping
- 1995 (1995): Craigslist classified advertisements
- 1995 (1995): AltaVista search engine
- 1996 (1996): Outlook (formerly Hotmail) free web-based e-mail
- 1996 (1996): RankDex search engine
- 1997 (1997): Google Search
- 1997 (1997): Babel Fish automatic translation
- 1998 (1998): Yahoo Groups (formerly Yahoo! Clubs)
- 1998 (1998): PayPal Internet payment system
- 1998 (1998): Rotten Tomatoes review aggregator
- 1999 (1999): 2ch Anonymous textboard
- 1999 (1999): i-mode mobile internet service
- 1999 (1999): Napster peer-to-peer file sharing
- 2000 (2000): Baidu search engine
- 2001 (2001): 2chan Anonymous imageboard
- 2001 (2001): BitTorrent peer-to-peer file sharing
- 2001 (2001): Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- 2003 (2003): LinkedIn business networking
- 2003 (2003): Myspace social networking site
- 2003 (2003): Skype Internet voice calls
- 2003 (2003): iTunes Store
- 2003 (2003): 4chan Anonymous imageboard
- 2003 (2003): The Pirate Bay, torrent file host
- 2004 (2004): Facebook social networking site
- 2004 (2004): Podcast media file series
- 2004 (2004): Flickr image hosting
- 2005 (2005): YouTube video sharing
- 2005 (2005): Reddit link voting
- 2005 (2005): Google Earth virtual globe
- 2006 (2006): Twitter microblogging
- 2007 (2007): WikiLeaks anonymous news and information leaks
- 2007 (2007): Google Street View
- 2007 (2007): Kindle, e-reader and virtual bookshop
- 2008 (2008): Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)
- 2008 (2008): Dropbox cloud-based file hosting
- 2008 (2008): Encyclopedia of Life, a collaborative encyclopedia intended to document all living species
- 2008 (2008): Spotify, a DRM-based music streaming service
- 2009 (2009): Bing search engine
- 2009 (2009): Google Docs, Web-based word processor, spreadsheet, presentation, form, and data storage service
- 2009 (2009): Kickstarter, a threshold pledge system
- 2009 (2009): Bitcoin, a digital currency
- 2010 (2010): Instagram, photo sharing and social networking
- 2011 (2011): Google+, social networking
- 2011 (2011): Snapchat, photo sharing
- 2012 (2012): Coursera, massive open online courses
- 2016 (2016): TikTok, video sharing and social networking
In computer networking, MILNET (fully Military Network) was the name given to the part of the ARPANET internetwork designated for unclassified United States Department of Defense traffic.[1] [2]
MILNET was physically separated from the ARPANET in 1983.[3] The ARPANET remained in service for the academic research community, but direct connectivity between the networks was severed for security reasons. Gateways relayed electronic mail between the two networks. BBN Technologies built and managed both the MILNET and the ARPANET and the two networks used very similar technology. It is also known as "Military Net."[1]
During the 1980s the MILNET expanded as part of the Defense Data Network,[4] a worldwide set of military networks running at different security levels. In the 1990s, MILNET became the NIPRNET.[5]
References
[edit ]- ^ a b DEFENSE DATA NETWORK NEWSLETTER DDN-NEWS 26, 6 May 1983
- ^ Harris, Dr. Thomas G., et al., "Development of the MILNET," 15th Annual Electronics and Aerospace Systems Conference, Eascon 82, IEEE CH1828 Conference Record, 1982, pp. 77-80.
- ^ ARPANET INFORMATION BROCHURE (NIC 50003) Defense Communications Agency, December 1985.
- ^ Alex McKenzie; Dave Walden (1991). "ARPANET, the Defense Data Network, and Internet". The Froehlich/Kent Encyclopedia of Telecommunications. Vol. 1. CRC Press. pp. 341–375. ISBN 978-0-8247-2900-4.
- ^ "What Was MILNET?". wiseGEEK. 26 June 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
Stub icon
This computer networking article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Stub icon
This United States military article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MILNET&oldid=1250297072"