Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile
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Internet history timeline
Early research and development:
- 1960–1964: RAND networking concepts developed
- 1962–1964: ARPA networking ideas
- 1965 (1965): NPL network concepts conceived
- 1966 (1966): Merit Network founded
- 1967 (1967): ARPANET planning begins
- 1967 (1967): Symposium on Operating Systems Principles
- 1969 (1969): NPL followed by the ARPANET carry their first packets
- 1970 (1970): Network Information Center (NIC)
- 1971 (1971): Tymnet switched-circuit network
- 1972 (1972): Merit Network's packet-switched network operational
- 1972 (1972): Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) established
- 1973 (1973): CYCLADES network demonstrated
- 1973 (1973): PARC Universal Packet development begins
- 1974 (1974): Transmission Control Program specification published
- 1975 (1975): Telenet commercial packet-switched network
- 1976 (1976): X.25 protocol approved and deployed on public data networks
- 1978 (1978): Minitel introduced
- 1979 (1979): Internet Activities Board (IAB)
- 1980 (1980): USENET news using UUCP
- 1980 (1980): Ethernet standard introduced
- 1981 (1981): BITNET established
Merging the networks and creating the Internet:
- 1981 (1981): Computer Science Network (CSNET)
- 1982 (1982): TCP/IP protocol suite formalized
- 1982 (1982): Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
- 1983 (1983): Domain Name System (DNS)
- 1983 (1983): MILNET split off from ARPANET
- 1984 (1984): OSI Reference Model released
- 1985 (1985): First .COM domain name registered
- 1986 (1986): NSFNET with 56 kbit/s links
- 1986 (1986): Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
- 1987 (1987): UUNET founded
- 1988 (1988): NSFNET upgraded to 1.5 Mbit/s (T1)
- 1988 (1988): Morris worm
- 1988 (1988): Complete Internet protocol suite
- 1989 (1989): Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
- 1989 (1989): PSINet founded, allows commercial traffic
- 1989 (1989): Federal Internet Exchanges (FIX East|FIXes)
- 1990 (1990): GOSIP (without TCP/IP)
- 1990 (1990): ARPANET decommissioned
- 1990 (1990): Advanced Network and Services (ANS)
- 1990 (1990): UUNET/Alternet allows commercial traffic
- 1990 (1990): Archie search engine
- 1991 (1991): Wide area information server (WAIS)
- 1991 (1991): Gopher
- 1991 (1991): Commercial Internet eXchange (CIX)
- 1991 (1991): ANS CO+RE allows commercial traffic
- 1991 (1991): World Wide Web (WWW)
- 1992 (1992): NSFNET upgraded to 45 Mbit/s (T3)
- 1992 (1992): Internet Society (ISOC) established
- 1993 (1993): Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
- 1993 (1993): InterNIC established
- 1993 (1993): AOL added USENET access
- 1993 (1993): Mosaic web browser released
- 1994 (1994): Full text web search engines
- 1994 (1994): North American Network Operators' Group (NANOG) established
Commercialization, privatization, broader access leads to the modern Internet:
- 1995 (1995): New Internet architecture with commercial ISPs connected at NAPs
- 1995 (1995): NSFNET decommissioned
- 1995 (1995): GOSIP updated to allow TCP/IP
- 1995 (1995): very high-speed Backbone Network Service (vBNS)
- 1995 (1995): IPv6 proposed
- 1996 (1996): AOL changes pricing model from hourly to monthly
- 1998 (1998): Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
- 1999 (1999): IEEE 802.11b wireless networking
- 1999 (1999): Internet2/Abilene Network
- 1999 (1999): vBNS+ allows broader access
- 2000 (2000): Dot-com bubble bursts
- 2001 (2001): New top-level domain names activated
- 2001 (2001): Code Red I, Code Red II, and Nimda worms
- 2003 (2003): UN World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) phase I
- 2003 (2003): National LambdaRail founded
- 2004 (2004): UN Working Group on Internet Governance (WGIG)
- 2005 (2005): UN WSIS phase II
- 2006 (2006): First meeting of the Internet Governance Forum
- 2010 (2010): First internationalized country code top-level domains registered
- 2012 (2012): ICANN begins accepting applications for new generic top-level domain names
- 2013 (2013): Montevideo Statement on the Future of Internet Cooperation
- 2014 (2014): NetMundial international Internet governance proposal
- 2016 (2016): ICANN contract with U.S. Dept. of Commerce ends, IANA oversight passes to the global Internet community on October 1st
Examples of Internet services:
- 1989 (1989): AOL dial-up service provider, email, instant messaging, and web browser
- 1990 (1990): IMDb Internet movie database
- 1994 (1994): Yahoo! web directory
- 1995 (1995): Amazon online retailer
- 1995 (1995): eBay online auction and shopping
- 1995 (1995): Craigslist classified advertisements
- 1995 (1995): AltaVista search engine
- 1996 (1996): Outlook (formerly Hotmail) free web-based e-mail
- 1996 (1996): RankDex search engine
- 1997 (1997): Google Search
- 1997 (1997): Babel Fish automatic translation
- 1998 (1998): Yahoo Groups (formerly Yahoo! Clubs)
- 1998 (1998): PayPal Internet payment system
- 1998 (1998): Rotten Tomatoes review aggregator
- 1999 (1999): 2ch Anonymous textboard
- 1999 (1999): i-mode mobile internet service
- 1999 (1999): Napster peer-to-peer file sharing
- 2000 (2000): Baidu search engine
- 2001 (2001): 2chan Anonymous imageboard
- 2001 (2001): BitTorrent peer-to-peer file sharing
- 2001 (2001): Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- 2003 (2003): LinkedIn business networking
- 2003 (2003): Myspace social networking site
- 2003 (2003): Skype Internet voice calls
- 2003 (2003): iTunes Store
- 2003 (2003): 4chan Anonymous imageboard
- 2003 (2003): The Pirate Bay, torrent file host
- 2004 (2004): Facebook social networking site
- 2004 (2004): Podcast media file series
- 2004 (2004): Flickr image hosting
- 2005 (2005): YouTube video sharing
- 2005 (2005): Reddit link voting
- 2005 (2005): Google Earth virtual globe
- 2006 (2006): Twitter microblogging
- 2007 (2007): WikiLeaks anonymous news and information leaks
- 2007 (2007): Google Street View
- 2007 (2007): Kindle, e-reader and virtual bookshop
- 2008 (2008): Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)
- 2008 (2008): Dropbox cloud-based file hosting
- 2008 (2008): Encyclopedia of Life, a collaborative encyclopedia intended to document all living species
- 2008 (2008): Spotify, a DRM-based music streaming service
- 2009 (2009): Bing search engine
- 2009 (2009): Google Docs, Web-based word processor, spreadsheet, presentation, form, and data storage service
- 2009 (2009): Kickstarter, a threshold pledge system
- 2009 (2009): Bitcoin, a digital currency
- 2010 (2010): Instagram, photo sharing and social networking
- 2011 (2011): Google+, social networking
- 2011 (2011): Snapchat, photo sharing
- 2012 (2012): Coursera, massive open online courses
- 2016 (2016): TikTok, video sharing and social networking
The Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile (GOSIP) was a specification that profiled open networking products for procurement by governments in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
Timeline
[edit ]- 1988 - GOSIP: Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile[1] published by CCTA, an agency of UK government
- 1988 - UK's CCTA commences work with France and West Germany on European Procurement Handbook (EPHOS)[2]
- 1990 - The US specification requiring Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) protocols was first published as Federal Information Processing Standards document FIPS 146-1. The requirement for US Government vendors to demonstrate their support for this profile led them to join the formal interoperability and conformance testing for networking products, which had been done by industry professionals at the annual InterOp show since 1980.
- 1990 - Publication of European Procurement Handbook (EPHOS), intended to be a European GOSIP[3]
- 1991 - 4th and final version of UK GOSIP released[4]
- 1993 - Australia and New Zealand GOSIP Version 3 - 1993 Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile[5]
- 1995 - FIPS 146-2 allowed "...other specifications based on open, voluntary standards such as those cited in paragraph 3 ("...such as those developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)... and the International Telecommunications Union, Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU–T))"[6]
In practice, from 1995 interest in OSI implementations declined, and worldwide the deployment of standards-based networking services since have been predominantly based on the Internet protocol suite.[7] However, the Defense Messaging System continued to be based on the OSI protocols X.400 and X.500, due to their integrated security capabilities.
See also
[edit ]References
[edit ]- ^ GOSIP: Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile. London: Stationery Office Books. 31 December 1988. ISBN 978-0113305186.
- ^ "UK CCTA Takes Lead In Push For Common Open Systems Procurement". Computer Business Review. 1988年11月10日.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Caffrey, L. (1990). "EPHOS: Towards a European GOSIP". Computer Networks and ISDN Systems. 19 (3–5): 265–284. doi:10.1016/0169-7552(90)90083-5.
- ^ GOSIP 4 : UK Government OSI Profile. London: CCTA, the Government Centre for Information Systems. 1991. ISBN 0113305672.
- ^ "ANZ GOSIP Version 3 - 1993", standards.govt.nz
- ^ "60 FR 25888 - APPROVAL OF FEDERAL INFORMATION PROCESSING STANDARDS PUBLICATIONS (FIPS) 146-2, PROFILES FOR OPEN SYSTEMS INTERNETWORKING TECHNOLOGIES, AND 179-1, GOVERNMENT NETWORK MANAGEMENT PROFILE", gpo.gov
- ^ Andrew L. Russell (29 July 2013). "OSI: The Internet That Wasn't". Spectrum. IEEE. Retrieved 30 July 2013.