Jeongjong of Joseon
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| Jeongjong 정종 定宗 | |||||||||||||||||
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| King Emeritus [a] of Joseon | |||||||||||||||||
| Tenure | 13 November 1400 – 26 September 1419 | ||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Taejong | ||||||||||||||||
| King of Joseon | |||||||||||||||||
| Reign | 5 September 1398 – 13 November 1400 | ||||||||||||||||
| Enthronement | Geunjeongjeon Hall, Gyeongbokgung, Hanseong | ||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Taejo | ||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Taejong | ||||||||||||||||
| Regent | Prince Jeongan (1398–1400) | ||||||||||||||||
| Crown Prince of Joseon | |||||||||||||||||
| Tenure | 26 August 1398 – 5 September 1398 | ||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Crown Prince Yi Bang-seok | ||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Crown Prince Yi Bang-won | ||||||||||||||||
| Born | 1 July 1357 Yi Seong-gye's Mansion, Dongbuk-myeon, Goryeo | ||||||||||||||||
| Died | 26 September 1419(1419年09月26日) (aged 62) Indeok Palace, Hanseong, Joseon | ||||||||||||||||
| Burial | |||||||||||||||||
| Spouse(s) | |||||||||||||||||
| Issue details... | 15 sons, 8 daughters | ||||||||||||||||
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| Clan | Jeonju Yi | ||||||||||||||||
| Dynasty | Yi | ||||||||||||||||
| Father | Taejo of Joseon | ||||||||||||||||
| Mother | Queen Sinui | ||||||||||||||||
| Religion | Korean Buddhism → Korean Confucianism (Neo-Confucianism) | ||||||||||||||||
| Military career | |||||||||||||||||
| Allegiance | Goryeo Joseon | ||||||||||||||||
| Years of service | 1376–1398 | ||||||||||||||||
| Rank | Commander of the Central Army | ||||||||||||||||
| Commands |
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| Battles / wars |
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| Korean name | |
| Hangul | 정종 |
|---|---|
| Hanja | 定宗 |
| Revised Romanization | Jeongjong |
| McCune–Reischauer | Chŏngjong |
| Birth name | |
| Hangul | 이방과, later 이경 |
| Hanja | 李芳果, later 李曔 |
| Revised Romanization | I Banggwa, later I Gyeong |
| McCune–Reischauer | I Panggwa, later I Kyŏng |
| Courtesy name | |
| Hangul | 광원 |
| Hanja | 光遠 |
| Revised Romanization | Gwangwon |
| McCune–Reischauer | Kwangwŏn |
| Monarchs of Korea |
| Joseon monarchs |
|---|
|
Taejo 1392–1398 Jeongjong 1398–1400 Taejong 1400–1418 Sejong 1418–1450 Munjong 1450–1452 Danjong 1452–1455 Sejo 1455–1468 Yejong 1468–1469 Seongjong 1469–1494 Yeonsangun 1494–1506 Jungjong 1506–1544 Injong 1544–1545 Myeongjong 1545–1567 Seonjo 1567–1608 Gwanghaegun 1608–1623 Injo 1623–1649 Hyojong 1649–1659 Hyeonjong 1659–1674 Sukjong 1674–1720 Gyeongjong 1720–1724 Yeongjo 1724–1776 Jeongjo 1776–1800 Sunjo 1800–1834 Heonjong 1834–1849 Cheoljong 1849–1864 Gojong 1864–1897 |
Jeongjong (Korean: 정종; Hanja: 定宗; 1 July 1357 – 26 September 1419),[b] [c] personal name Yi Bang-gwa (이방과; 李芳果), later Yi Gyeong (이경; 李曔), was the second monarch of the Joseon of Korea. He was the second son of King Taejo, the founder of the dynasty. Before ascending to the throne, he was known as Prince Yeongan (영안군; 永安君).
Biography
[edit ]Born in 1357 as the second son of Yi Seong-gye (posthumously King Taejo) and his first wife Lady Han, he was a prudent, generous, brave, and able military officer. During the latter days of the declining Goryeo dynasty, Jeongjong followed his father to various battlefronts and fought at his side. When his father took the throne in 1392, he became a prince.
Taejo had two wives — the first one, who gave birth to six sons (including Jeongjong), died before he was crowned; the second wife was Lady Gang, with whom he had two sons. The king favored his youngest son, whose mother was Lady Gang. Chief State Councillor Jeong Do-jeon also backed him as successor, causing much resentment in the other princes.
In 1398, Taejo's fifth son, Yi Bang-won (posthumously King Taejong) led a coup along with many military officers and killed his two younger half-brothers, Jeong Do-jeon, and many of his faction. Yi Bang-won first tried to show that he was not interested in the throne, so he gave a push to Yi Bang-gwa (who was the eldest son by then), to be the next crown prince. King Taejo was upset and abdicated in disgust, and Yi Bang-gwa became Joseon's second ruler.[1] The same year he moved the government back to Gaegyeong, the old Goryeo capital.
In 1400, a conflict broke out between Yi Bang-won and his elder brother, Yi Bang-gan. Yi Bang-won's force attacked and defeated that of his brother Yi Bang-gan's, who was then sent into exile along with his family. General Park Bo, who persuaded Yi Bang-gan into rebellion, was executed. King Jeongjong, knowing that he was a mere political figurehead for his younger brother, appointed him as crown prince and abdicated months later.[1]
He was an able and wise administrator despite his short reign being marked by bloodshed within the royal family.
Jeongjong died in 1419 and was buried alongside his wife, Queen Jeongan, at Hurŭng (후릉), in present-day P'anmun Ward, Kaesŏng, North Hwanghae Province, North Korea.
Family
[edit ]- Father: King Taejo of Joseon (조선의 태조; 11 October 1335 – 24 May 1408)
- Grandfather: Yi Ja-chun, King Hwanjo of Joseon (조선의 환조 이자춘; 1315 – 18 April 1360)
- Grandmother: Queen Uihye of the Yeongheung Choe clan (의혜왕후 최씨; 1304–?)
- Mother: Queen Sinui of the Cheongju Han clan (신의왕후 한씨; 4 September 1337 – 23 September 1391)
- Grandfather: Han Gyeong, Internal Prince Ancheon (안천부원군 한경)
- Grandmother: Lady Shin of the Saknyeong Shin clan, Grand Princess Consort of Samhan State (삼한국대부인 삭녕 신씨)
Consort(s) and their respective issue
- Queen Jeongan of the Gyeongju Gim clan (정안왕후 김씨; 9 January 1355 – 25 June 1412)
- Royal Noble Consort Seong of the Chungju Ji clan (성빈 지씨; 1355–?)
- Yi Hu-saeng, Prince Deokcheon (덕천군 이후생; 1395 – 10 November 1465), tenth son
- Yi Mal-saeng, Prince Dopyeong (도평군 이말생; 9 August 1402 – 1446), twelfth son
- Royal Consort Sug-ui of the Chungju Ji clan (숙의 지씨; 1360–?)
- Yi Won-saeng, Prince Uipyeong (의평군 이원생; 1385 – 4 August 1461), first son
- Yi Mu-saeng, Prince Seonseong (선성군 이무생; 26 November 1392 – 7 July 1460), seventh son
- Yi Ho-saeng, Prince Imseong (임성군 이호생; 1397–1465), tenth son
- Princess Hamyang (함양옹주; 1417–?), eighth daughter
- Royal Consort Sug-ui of the Haengju Gi clan (숙의 기씨; 1370 – 13 June 1430)
- Yi Ui-saeng, Prince Geumpyeong (금평군 이의생; 1385 – 3 November 1435), second son
- Princess Sangwon (상원옹주; 1390–?), first daughter
- Yi Gun-saeng, Prince Sunpyeong (순평군 이군생; 1392 – 21 August 1462), fourth son
- Princess Goseong (고성옹주; 1395–?), second daughter
- Princess Jeonsan (전산옹주) 1398–?), third daughter
- Princess Sukshin (숙신옹주; 1401–1486), fifth daughter
- Yi Yung-saeng, Prince Jeongseok (정석군 이융생; 1409 – 10 October 1464), fourteenth son
- Yi Seon-saeng, Prince Murim (무림군 이선생; 1410 – 19 February 1475), fifteenth son
- Royal Consort Sug-ui of the Nampyeong Mun clan (숙의 문씨; 1368–?)
- Yi Gwi-saeng, Prince Jongui (종의군 이귀생; 1389 – 26 April 1451), third son
- Royal Consort Sug-ui of the Haepyeong Yun clan (숙의 윤씨; 1368–1417)
- Yi Nok-saeng, Prince Imeon (임언군 이녹생; 1392 – 6 August 1450), fifth son
- Yi Deok-saeng, Prince Sudo (수도군 이덕생; 15 February 1393 – 10 July 1449), eighth son
- Yi Bok-saeng, Prince Seokbo (석보군 이복생) 1399–1447), eleventh son
- Yi Bo-saeng, Prince Jangcheon (장천군 이보생; 1418 – 15 March 1465), sixteenth son
- Princess Haman (함안옹주; 1400–?), fourth daughter
- Princess Incheon (인천옹주; 1407–?), sixth daughter
- Royal Consort Sug-ui of the Pyeongchang Yi clan (숙의 이씨; 1370 – 1443)
- Yi Jong-saeng, Prince Jinnam (진남군 이종생; 1406 – 27 November 1470), thirteenth son
- Royal Princess Gaui of the Yu clan (가의궁주 유씨; 1372–?)
- Yi Bul-no (이불노; 1392–1410), sixth son
- Princess Deokcheon (덕천옹주; 1410–?), seventh daughter
- Kisaeng Cho Gung-jang (초궁장; 1385–?)
- Gi Mae (시비 기매; 其每; 1374–?)
- Yi Ji-woon (이지운; 李志云; 1394–?), ninth son
Ancestry
[edit ]| Ancestors of Jeongjong of Joseon |
|---|
18. Park Gwang, Internal Prince Anbyeon (안변부원군 박광) 20. Choe Jong-dae (최종대) 10. Choe Han-gi, Internal Prince Yeongheung (영흥부원군 최한기) 21. Lady Gim, Grand Princess Consort of Joseon State (조선국대부인 김씨) 11. Lady Yi, Grand Princess Consort of Joseon State (조선국대부인 이씨) 1. Jeongjong of Joseon 24. Han Yu (한유) 12. Han Gyu-in (한규인) 6. Han Gyeong, Internal Prince Ancheon (안천부원군 한경) 14. Shin Yun-ryeo (신윤려) 7. Lady Shin of the Saknyeong Shin clan, Grand Princess Consort of Samhan State (삼한국대부인 삭녕 신씨) |
In popular culture
[edit ]- Portrayed by Nam Seong-sik in the 1983 KBS TV series Foundation of the Kingdom.
- Portrayed by Lee Young-ho in the 1983 MBC TV series The King of Chudong Palace.
- Portrayed by Tae Min-young in the 1996–1998 KBS TV series Tears of the Dragon.
- Portrayed by No Young-gook in the 2008 KBS TV series The Great King, Sejong.
- Portrayed by Oh Hee-joon in the 2012–2013 SBS TV series The Great Seer.
- Portrayed by Lee Tae-rim in the 2014 KBS1 TV series Jeong Do-jeon.
- Portrayed by Seo Dong-won in the 2015–2016 SBS TV series Six Flying Dragons.
- Portrayed by Kim Myung-soo in the 2021 KBS1 TV series The King of Tears, Lee Bang-won.
See also
[edit ]Notes
[edit ]- ^ After Sejong ascended to the throne in 1418, Jeongjong was known as 'The Old King Emeritus' (노상왕; 老上王; Nosangwang) to distinguish him from his younger brother Taejong, who had also abdicated.
- ^ Unless otherwise noted, all dates in this article are given in the Korean calendar (lunisolar).
- ^ Born on 26 July 1357 and died on 15 October 1419 according to the solar calendar.
References
[edit ]- ^ a b Yim, Seung-hye (16 January 2022). "KBS can't resist another telling of King Taejong's tale". Korea JoongAng Daily . Retrieved 19 January 2024.
Jeongjong of Joseon Born: 1 July 1357 Died: 26 September 1419
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| Regnal titles | ||
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| Preceded by | King of Joseon 5 September 1398 – 13 November 1400 |
Succeeded by |
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