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Fujiwara no Umakai

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Japanese noble
Fujiwara no Umakai
Fujiwara no Umakai drawn by Kikuchi Yōsai
Born694
Died7 September 737
NationalityJapanese
ParentsFujiwara no Fuhito (father)
In this Japanese name, the surname is Fujiwara.

Fujiwara no Umakai (藤原 宇合, 694 – September 7, 737) was a Japanese statesman, courtier, general and politician during the Nara period.[1] The third son of Fujiwara no Fuhito, he founded the Shikike ("Ceremonials") branch of the Fujiwara clan.

Career

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He was a diplomat during the reign of Empress Genshō [2] and a minister during the reign of Emperor Shōmu. In the Imperial court, Umakai was the chief of protocol (Shikibu-kyō ).[3]

Genealogy

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This member of the Fujiwara clan was son of Fujiwara no Fuhito.[1] Umakai had three brothers: Muchimaro, Fusasaki, and Maro. These four brothers are known for having established the "four houses" of the Fujiwara.[10]

Umakai's children included: Fujiwara no Hirotsugu [11] and Fujiwara no Momokawa [12]

Family

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  • Father: Fujiwara no Fuhito
  • Mother: Soga no Shōshi (蘇我娼子, ?–?), daughter of Soga no Murajiko (蘇我連子).
    • Wife: Isonokami no Kunimina no Ōtoji (石上国盛), daughter of Isonokami no Maro (石上麻呂).
    • Wife: Takahashi no Aneko (高橋阿禰娘), daughter of Takahashi no Kasa no Ason (高橋笠朝臣).
    • Wife: unclear name (小治田功麿男牛養女)
      • 5th son: Fujiwara no Tamaro (藤原田麻呂, 722–783)
    • Wife: Kume no Wakame (久米若女), daughter of 久米奈保麻呂?
    • Wife: named (佐伯家主娘), daughter of 佐伯徳麻呂.
    • Children with unknown mother:
      • 4th son: Fujiwara no Tsunate (藤原綱手, ?–740)
      • Daughter: name unknown, wife of Fujiwara no Uona.
      • Daughter: name unknown, wife of Fujiwara no Kosemaro (藤原巨勢麻呂).
      • Daughter: named (掃子), possibly mother of Fujiwara no Tsunatsugu (藤原綱継).

Notes

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  1. ^ a b Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Fujiwara no Umakai" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 211, p. 211, at Google Books; Brinkley, Frank et al. (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era, p. 203., p. 203, at Google Books
  2. ^ a b Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 65, p. 65, at Google Books; see "Fousiwara-no Nokiafi", pre-Hepburn romanization
  3. ^ Nussbaum, "Shikibu-kyō" at p. 856 , p. 856, at Google Books
  4. ^ Fogel, Joshua. (1996). The Literature of Travel in the Japanese Rediscovery of China, p. 22, p. 22, at Google Books; excerpt, "Like Genbō, Kibi no Makibi remained in China after the embassy ships returned to Japan, returning home himself at the same time as Genbo seventeen years later."
  5. ^ Brinkley, p. 223. , p. 223, at Google Books
  6. ^ Brinkley, p. 220. , p. 220, at Google Books
  7. ^ Titsingh,p. 68 , p. 68, at Google Books
  8. ^ Titsingh,p. 69 , p. 69, at Google Books
  9. ^ Brinkley, p. 190. , p. 190, at Google Books
  10. ^ Brinkley, p. 203. , p. 203, at Google Books; excerpt, "Muchimaro's home, being in the south (nan) of the capital, was called Nan-ke; Fusazaki's, being in the north (hoku), was termed Hoku-ke; Umakai's was spoken of as Shiki-ke, since he presided over the Department of Ceremonies (shiki), and Maro's went by the name of Kyō-ke, this term also having reference to his office."
  11. ^ Nussbaum, "Fujiwara no Hirotsugu" at p. 202 , p. 202, at Google Books
  12. ^ Nussbaum, "Fujiwara no Momokawa" at p. 206 , p. 206, at Google Books

References

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Fujiwara family tree
Kamatari [1]
614–669
Fuhito [2]
659–720
NANKE branch HOKKE branch SHIKIKE branch KYŌKE branch
Muchimaro [2]
680–737 Fusasaki [2]
681–737 Umakai [2]
694–737 Maro [2]
695–737
Toyonari [3]
704–766 Nakamaro [3]
706–764 Otomaro [4] Nagate [5]
714–771 Matate [4]
715–766 Uona [6]
721–783 Kaedemaro [7]
723–776 Yoshitsugu [8]
716–777 Tamaro [9]
722–783 Momokawa [10]
732–779 Hamanari [11]
724–790
Tsuginawa [12]
727–796 Korekimi [13]
727–789 Uchimaro [14]
756–812 Sonohito [12]
756–819 Otsugu [12]
774–843
Fuyutsugu [15]
775–826
Nagara [1]
802–826 Yoshifusa [1]
804–872 Yoshiyo [16]
823–900
Mototsune [17]
836–891
Tokihira [18] [12]
871–909 Tadahira [12]
880–949
Saneyori [12]
900–970 Morosuke [12]
909–960
Yoritada [19]
924–989 Koretada [12]
924–972 Yoritada [12] [20]
925–977 Kaneie [12] [19]
929–990
Michitaka [21] [22]
953–995 Michikane [22]
961–995 Michinaga [23]
966–1028
Yorimichi [24] [25]
992–1074 Norimichi [26]
996–1075
Morozane [27]
1042–1101
Moromichi [28]
1062–1099
Tadazane [29]
1075–1162
Tadamichi [30]
1097–1164 Yorinaga [31]
1120–1156
Konoe
Family Matsudono
Family Kujō
Family
Konoe Motozane [32]
1143–1166 Matsudono Motofusa [33]
1144?–1231 Kujō Kanezane [30]
1149–1207
Konoe Motomichi [16] [34]
1160–1233 Matsudono Moroie [33]
1172–1238 Kujō Yoshitsune [35]
1169–1206
Konoe Iezane [34]
1179–1242 Kujō Michiie [35]
1193–1252
Takatsukasa
Family Nijō
Family Ichijō
Family
Konoe Kanetsune [36]
1210–1259 Takatsukasa Kanehira [37]
1228–1294 Kujō Norizane [38]
1211–1235 Nijō Yoshizane [39]
1216–1271 Ichijō Sanetsune [40]
1223–1284
Notes
  1. ^ a b c Brinkley, Frank and Dairoku Kikuchi. (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era. New York: Encyclopædia Britannica. OCLC 413099
  2. ^ a b c d e Kanai, Madoka; Nitta, Hideharu; Yamagiwa, Joseph Koshimi (1966). A topical history of Japan. Sub-Committee on Far Eastern Language Instruction of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation. p. 6.
  3. ^ a b Brown, Delmer M. (1988). The Cambridge History of Japan: Volume 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521223522.
  4. ^ a b 平城宮兵部省跡. 奈良文化財研究所. 2005. p. 168.
  5. ^ Yoshikawa, Toshiko (2006). 仲麻呂政権と藤原永手・八束(真楯)・千尋(御楯). Hanawa Shobō (塙書房). ISBN 978-4-8273-1201-0.
  6. ^ Tyler, Royall (1993). The Book of the Great Practice: The Life of the Mt. Fuji Ascetic Kakugyō Tōbutsu Kū (PDF). Asian Folklore Studies. p. 324.
  7. ^ Yoneda, Yūsuke (2002). 藤原摂関家の誕生. 吉川弘文館. p. 139.
  8. ^ Nakagawa, Osamu (1991). "藤原良継の変" [The Rise of Fujiwara no Yoshitsugu]. 奈良朝政治史の研究 [Political History of the Nara Period] (in Japanese). Takashina Shoten (高科書店).
  9. ^ Kimoto, Yoshinobu (1998). 藤原式家官人の考察. 高科書店. p. 47. ISBN 978-4-87294-923-0.
  10. ^ Takemitsu, Makoto (2013). 日本史の影の主役藤原氏の正体: 鎌足から続く1400年の歴史. PHP研究所. p. 103. ISBN 978-4569761046.
  11. ^ http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~sg2h-ymst/hamanari.html
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). In Japan Encyclopedia at Google Books; Brinkley, Frank et al. (1915).
  13. ^ Kimoto, Yoshinobu (2004). "『牛屋大臣』藤原是公について" [On "Ushiya-Daijin" Fujiwara no Korekimi]. 奈良時代の藤原氏と諸氏族 [The Fujiwara Clan and Other Clans of the Nara Period] (in Japanese). Ohfu.
  14. ^ Kurihara, Hiromu. 藤原内麿家族について [The Family of Fujiwara no Uchimaro]. Japanese History (日本歴史) (in Japanese) (511).
  15. ^ Kurihara, Hiromu (2008). "藤原冬嗣家族について" [Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu's Family]. 平安前期の家族と親族 [Family and Relatives During the Early Heian Period] (in Japanese). Azekura Shobo (校倉書房). ISBN 978-4-7517-3940-2.
  16. ^ a b 公卿補任 [Kugyō Bunin] (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1982.
  17. ^ Kitayama, Shigeo (1973). 日本の歴史4 平安京 [History of Japan IV: Heian-kyō] (in Japanese). Chūkō Bunko (中公文庫). p. 242.
  18. ^ 日本古代氏族人名辞典(普及版) [Dictionary of Names from Ancient Japanese Clans (Trade Version)] (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 2010. ISBN 978-4-642-01458-8.
  19. ^ a b Nobuyoshi, Yamamoto (2003). 摂関政治史論考 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). ISBN 978-4-642-02394-8.
  20. ^ Haruo, Sasayama (2003). "藤原兼通の政権獲得過程". 日本律令制の展開 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). ISBN 978-4-642-02393-1.
  21. ^ Frederic, Louis (2002). "Japan Encyclopedia." Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  22. ^ a b Papinot, Edmond (1910). Historical and geographical dictionary of Japan. Tokyo: Librarie Sansaisha.
  23. ^ Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0; OCLC 251325323
  24. ^ Varley, Paul (2000). Japanese Culture. Fourth Edition. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai'i Press.
  25. ^ Uejima, Susumu (2010). "日本中世社会の形成と王権". 中世庄園制の形成過程―〈立庄〉再考 (in Japanese). The University of Nagoya Press. ISBN 978-4-8158-0635-4.
  26. ^ Owada, Tetsuo (2003). 日本史諸家系図人名辞典 (in Japanese). Kodansha. ISBN 978-4062115780.
  27. ^ "卷之一百四十二 列傳第六十九". 大日本史 (in Japanese). 1715.
  28. ^ Kimoto, Yoshinobu (2000). "後二条師通記と藤原師通". 平安朝官人と記録の研究―日記逸文にあらわれたる平安公卿の世界 (in Japanese). ISBN 978-4273031565.
  29. ^ Araki, Hiroshi (2009). "中世の皇統迭立と文学形成 1院政期から中世への視界 坂上の宝剣と壺切―談話録に見る皇統・儀礼の古代と中世―". 皇統迭立と文学形成 (in Japanese). ISBN 978-4-7576-0513-8.
  30. ^ a b Sansom, George (1958). A history of Japan to 1334. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0804705232.
  31. ^ "The World Turned Upside Down" translated by Kathe Roth, p. 27
  32. ^ Yamada, Akiko (2010). 中世前期女性院宮の研究 (in Japanese). ISBN 978-4784214969.
  33. ^ a b Natanabe, Naohiko (1994). 古代史論叢 (in Japanese). ISBN 978-4797106558.
  34. ^ a b "藤原北家.近衛". 尊卑分脈 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 57.
  35. ^ a b "藤原北家.九条". 尊卑分脈 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 77.
  36. ^ "藤原北家.近衛". 尊卑分脈 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 65.
  37. ^ Jinson [in Japanese]. 大乗院日記目録 .
  38. ^ "藤原北家.九条". 尊卑分脈 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 80.
  39. ^ ネケト. 二条家(摂家) (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2004年08月15日. Retrieved 2007年09月09日.
  40. ^ ネケト. 一条家(摂家) (in Japanese). Retrieved 2007年08月18日.

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