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Filozoa

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Monophyletic grouping within the Opisthokonta
For an explanation of very similar terms, see Holozoa.
Filozoans
Temporal range: 760–0 Ma
Orange elephant ear sponge, Agelas clathrodes , in foreground. Two corals in the background: a sea fan, Iciligorgia schrammi , and a sea rod, Plexaurella nutans .
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Clade: Amorphea
Clade: Obazoa
Clade: Opisthokonta
Clade: Holozoa
Clade: Filozoa
Shalchian-Tabrizi et al., 2008
Subgroups

The Filozoa are a monophyletic grouping within the Opisthokonta. They include animals and their nearest unicellular relatives (those organisms which are more closely related to animals than to fungi or Mesomycetozoa).[1]

Three groups are currently assigned to the clade Filozoa:

Etymology

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From Latin filum meaning "thread" and Greek zōion meaning "animal".

Phylogeny

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A phylogenetic tree of Filozoa and its most closely related clades:[2] [3] [4] [5]

Opisthokonta
Holomycota
Cristidiscoidea Fungi/

BCG2

Opisthosporidia
Holozoa

Ichthyosporea

1300 mya

Characteristics

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The ancestral opisthokont cell is assumed to have possessed slender filose (thread-like) projections or 'tentacles'. In some opisthokonts (Mesomycetozoa and Corallochytrium ) these were lost. They are retained in Filozoa, where they are simple and non-tapering, with a rigid core of actin bundles (contrasting with the flexible, tapering and branched filopodia of nucleariids and the branched rhizoids and hyphae of fungi). In choanoflagellates and in the most primitive animals, namely sponges, they aggregate into a filter-feeding collar (made from microvilli, that are also made from actin) around the cilium or flagellum; this is thought to be an inheritance from their most recent common filozoan ancestor.[1]

References

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  1. ^ a b Shalchian-Tabrizi K.; Minge M.A.; Espelund M.; et al. (7 May 2008). Aramayo, Rodolfo (ed.). "Multigene phylogeny of choanozoa and the origin of animals". PLOS ONE. 3 (5): e2098. Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.2098S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002098 . PMC 2346548 . PMID 18461162. Open access icon
  2. ^ Parfrey, Laura Wegener; Lahr, Daniel J. G.; Knoll, Andrew H.; Katz, Laura A. (August 16, 2011). "Estimating the timing of early eukaryotic diversification with multigene molecular clocks". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108 (33): 13624–13629. doi:10.1073/pnas.1110633108 . PMC 3158185 . PMID 21810989.
  3. ^ Hehenberger, Elisabeth; Tikhonenkov, Denis V.; Kolisko, Martin; Campo, Javier del; Esaulov, Anton S.; Mylnikov, Alexander P.; Keeling, Patrick J. (10 July 2017). "Novel Predators Reshape Holozoan Phylogeny and Reveal the Presence of a Two-Component Signaling System in the Ancestor of Animals". Current Biology. 27 (13): 2043–2050.e6. doi:10.1016/j.cub.201706006 . PMID 28648822.
  4. ^ Adl, Sina M.; Bass, David; Lane, Christopher E.; Lukeš, Julius; Schoch, Conrad L.; Smirnov, Alexey; Agatha, Sabine; Berney, Cedric; Brown, Matthew W. (2018年09月26日). "Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 66 (1): 4–119. doi:10.1111/jeu.12691. ISSN 1066-5234. PMC 6492006 . PMID 30257078.
  5. ^ Tedersoo, Leho; Sánchez-Ramírez, Santiago; Kõljalg, Urmas; Bahram, Mohammad; Döring, Markus; Schigel, Dmitry; May, Tom; Ryberg, Martin; Abarenkov, Kessy (2018). "High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses". Fungal Diversity. 90 (1): 135–159. doi:10.1007/s13225-018-0401-0 . ISSN 1560-2745.
Eukaryote classification
Amoebozoa
Holomycota
Filozoa
Choanozoa
Haptista
    SAR    
Rhizaria
Alveolata
Myzozoa
Stramenopiles
Bigyra *
Gyrista
Pancryptista
Cryptista
Archaeplastida
(plants sensu lato)
Viridiplantae
(green plants or
plants sensu stricto)
Streptophyta
Discoba
Discicristata
Metamonada *
Malawimonada
Provora
Hemimastigophora
Ancyromonadida
CRuMs

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