Ta-Arawakan languages
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Caribbean Arawakan)
Arawakan languages of the Caribbean Sea
You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Portuguese. (October 2020) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
- View a machine-translated version of the Portuguese article.
- Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.
- Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 611 articles in the main category, and specifying
|topic=will aid in categorization. - Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
- You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
Content in this edit is translated from the existing Portuguese Wikipedia article at [[:pt:Línguas amazonas-antilhas]]; see its history for attribution. - You may also add the template
{{Translated|pt|Línguas amazonas-antilhas}}to the talk page. - For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.
| Ta-Arawakan | |
|---|---|
| Caribbean | |
| Geographic distribution | Caribbean and Central America (Belize, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua's Mosquito Coast) |
| Linguistic classification | Arawakan
|
| Subdivisions |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | cari1281 |
The Ta-Arawakan languages, also known as Ta-Maipurean and Caribbean, are the Indigenous Arawakan languages of the Caribbean Sea coasts of Central and South America. They are distinguished by the first person pronominal prefix ta-, as opposed to common Arawakan na-.
Languages
[edit ]Kaufman (1994) provides the following subclassification:
- Caribbean Arawakan
- Taíno †
- Guajiro (Wahiro)
- Iñeri (Inyeri)
- Kalhíphona (Island Carib, modern Garífuna or Black Carib)
Aikhenvald adds Shebayo, which Kaufman had left unclassified, and removes Iñeri from Ta-Arawakan proper:
Proto-language
[edit ]Reconstructions of Proto-Lokono-Guajiro proposed by Captain (1991):[1]
no. gloss Proto Lokono-Guajiro 1. 'abdomen' *Vteke 2. 'after' *dikhi 3. 'ant' *hayu 4. 'anteater' *waRiti 5. 'arm' *dɨna 6. 'armadillo' *yekerV 7. 'arrow' *kimařa 8. 'ash' *baliki 9. 'ask' *asa (?) 10. 'axe' *bařu 11. 'back' *asabu 12. 'bat' *busiri 13. 'bathe' *aka 14. 'beard' *tiima 15. 'bird' *kudibiu 16. 'blood' *itha 17. 'bone' *Vbu-na 18. 'breast' *(u)di 19. 'break' *wakVdV- 20. 'by (agent)' *duma 21. 'cane' *isi 22. 'canoe' *kanuwa 23. 'chest' *Vluwa 24. 'child' *(?)ibili 25. 'chili pepper' *hathi 26. 'chop' *lada 27. 'cold, have a *thunuli- 28. 'come' *andV 29. 'cricket' *phuti 30. 'crocodile' *kayukuthi 31. 'delicious' *keme- 32. 'down' *unabu 33. 'drink (v)' *VthV 34. 'ear' *dike 35. 'egret' *wakaRa 36. 'eye' *aku 37. 'exit (v)' *aphuti- 38. 'fat, grease' *akusi 39. 'father' *Vthi 40. 'finger' *khabu-ibira 41. 'fingernail' *bada 42. 'fire' *sikhi 43. 'fish' *hime 44. 'flea' *khayaba 45. 'flesh' *kiruku 46. 'flower' *siwi 47. 'fly' *mabuRi 48. 'foot' *ukuti 49. 'for (benefactive)' *bura 50. 'forehead' *kibu 51 'from (LOC)' *-kee 52. 'fur' *Vti 53. 'go' *kuna 54. 'gourd' *iwida 55. 'grandfather' *dukuthi 56. 'grandmother' *kVthV 57. 'green' *subule 58. 'hair' *Vbařa 59. 'hammock' *hamaka; *kura 60. 'hand' *khabu 61. 'hate, be hated' *te- 62. 'head' *ikiwi 63. 'hear' *akanaba 64. 'here' *yaha 65. 'honey' *maba 66. 'horn' *ukuwa 67. 'house' *bahɨ 68. 'I' *dakia 69. 'iguana' *iwana 70. 'in' *luku 71 'in (a fluid)' *raku 72. 'juice' *Vra 73. 'kill' *pharV 74. 'knife' *ruři 75. 'leaf *bana 76. 'liver' *bana 77. 'maize' *mariki 78. 'manioc' *khali 79. 'manioc starch' *hařo 80. 'many' *yuhu 81. 'monkey' *phudi 82. 'moon' *kathi 83. 'mosquito' *maRi 84. 'mother' *uyu 85. 'neck' *nuru 86. 'nose' *kiri 87. 'one' *aba 88. 'path' *bɨna; *wabu 89. 'peck' *tuka- 90. 'penis' *ewera 91. 'rat' *kuři 92. 'raw' *iya 93. 'request' *khuyabV- 94. 'resin' *Vkhɨ 95. 'ripe' *hebe 96. 'river' *sVři 97. 'root' *akura 98. 'say' *akV 99. 'sea' *bařawa 100. 'seat, stool' *turu 101. 'she' *thukia 102. 'skin' *Vda 103. 'sleep' *dunkV 104. 'snake' *uri 105. 'son-in-law' *tithi 106. 'sound' *akanVkɨ 107. 'star' *iwiwa 108. 'stone' *kiba 109. 'stop' *takɨ- 110. 'sweet potato' *halithi 111. 'tail' *isi 112. 'tapir' *kama 113. 'termite' *khumuthiri 114. 'that (masculine)' *lira 115. 'that (non-masculine)' *tura 116. 'there' *yara 117. 'they' *nakia 118. 'thigh' *(N)bɨku 119. 'this (masculine)' *lihi 120. 'this (non-masculine)' *tuhu 121. 'thou' *bukia 122. 'three' *kabɨnV 123. 'tip' *kiruku 124. 'toad' *kiberu 125. 'tobacco' *yuři 126. 'tongue' *Vyee 127. 'tooth' *ari 128. 'touch, feel' *bebeda 129. 'tree' *kunuku 130. 'two' *biama 131. 'up' *iu- 132. 'vomit' *ewedV 133. 'water' *uni 134. 'we' *wakia 135. 'with (accomp.)' *Vma 136. 'whistle' *wiwida- 137. 'woman' *hiaru 138. 'worm' *-koma- 139. 'ye' *hukia 140. 'yes' *VNhVN 141. (absolutive) *-hV 142. (poss. suffix) *-the
References
[edit ]
Wiktionary has a list of reconstructed forms at Appendix:Proto-Lokono-Guajiro reconstructions
- ^ Captain, D. (1991 [2005]). Proto-Lokono-Guajiro. Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Etnolingüísticos, 10:137-172.