1826–27 United States Senate elections
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1826–27 United States Senate elections
16 of the 48 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections)
25 seats needed for a majority
80 members of the Maryland General Assembly
80 members of the Maryland General Assembly
← 1824 & 1825
Dates vary by state
1828 & 1829 →
16 of the 48 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections)
25 seats needed for a majority
| Majority party | Minority party | |
|---|---|---|
| Party | Jacksonian | Anti-Jacksonian |
| Last election | 26 seats | 21 seats |
| Seats before | 26 | 22 |
| Seats won | 9 | 6 |
| Seats after | 27 | 20 |
| Seat change | Increase 1 | Decrease 2 |
| Seats up | 8 | 8 |
Results:
Jacksonian Hold Jacksonian Gain
Anti-Jacksonian Hold Anti-Jacksonian Gain
Legislature Failed To Elect
Jacksonian Hold Jacksonian Gain
Anti-Jacksonian Hold Anti-Jacksonian Gain
Legislature Failed To Elect
The 1826–27 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1826 and 1827, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1.
The majority Jacksonians gained a seat in the United States Senate. Senators who called themselves "Anti-Jacksonian" or "National Republicans" were also called "Adams" or "Adams Men."
Results summary
[edit ]Senate party division, 20th Congress (1827–1829)
- Majority party: Jacksonian (27)
- Minority party: Anti-Jacksonian (20–21)
- Other parties: (0)
- Total seats: 48
Change in composition
[edit ]Before the elections
[edit ]At the beginning of 1826.
A1
A2
A3
A4
A15
Mass.
Ran A16
Ohio
Ran A17
R.I.
Ran A18
Vt.
Ran A19
Del.
Unknown A20
Maine
Unknown A21
N.J.
Died V1 J26
Pa.
Retired J25
Conn.
Unknown
Mass.
Ran A16
Ohio
Ran A17
R.I.
Ran A18
Vt.
Ran A19
Del.
Unknown A20
Maine
Unknown A21
N.J.
Died V1 J26
Pa.
Retired J25
Conn.
Unknown
Majority →
J14
J13
J12
J11
J10
J9
J8
J7
J6
J5
J1
J2
J3
J4
Result of the regular elections
[edit ]
A1
A2
A3
A4
A15
Ohio
Re-elected A16
R.I.
Re-elected A17
Vt.
Re-elected A18
N.J.
Hold A19
Conn.
Gain V2
Mass.
A Loss V1 J27
Maine
Gain J26
Del.
Gain J25
Va.
Hold
Ohio
Re-elected A16
R.I.
Re-elected A17
Vt.
Re-elected A18
N.J.
Hold A19
Conn.
Gain V2
Mass.
A Loss V1 J27
Maine
Gain J26
Del.
Gain J25
Va.
Hold
Majority →
J15
J16
J17
J18
J19
Md.
Re-elected J20
Mo.
Re-elected J21
N.Y.
Re-elected J22
Tenn.
Re-elected J23
Miss.
Hold[a] J24
Pa.
Hold
Md.
Re-elected J20
Mo.
Re-elected J21
N.Y.
Re-elected J22
Tenn.
Re-elected J23
Miss.
Hold[a] J24
Pa.
Hold
J14
J13
J12
J11
J10
J9
J8
J7
J6
J5
J1
J2
J3
J4
Result of the special elections
[edit ]Before the March 4, 1827, beginning of the new Congress.
A1
A2
A3
A4
A14
A13
A12
A11
A10
A9
A8
A7
A6
A5
A15
A16
A17
Md.
Gain A18
N.J.
Hold, same as regular A19
N.Y.
Gain A20
Mass. 2
Hold V1 J27
Del. (sp)
Gain J26
Miss. (sp)
Elected[b] [a] J25
Ala. (sp)
Hold
Md.
Gain A18
N.J.
Hold, same as regular A19
N.Y.
Gain A20
Mass. 2
Hold V1 J27
Del. (sp)
Gain J26
Miss. (sp)
Elected[b] [a] J25
Ala. (sp)
Hold
Majority →
J14
J13
J12
J11
J10
J9
J8
J7
J6
J5
J1
J2
J3
J4
| Key: |
A#
= Anti-Jacksonian
J#
= Jacksonian
V#
= Vacant
|
|---|
Race summaries
[edit ]Special elections during the 19th Congress
[edit ]In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1826 or before March 4, 1827; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| New York (Class 3) |
Vacant | Seat vacant after an 1824 legislative deadlock. New senator elected January 14, 1826. Anti-Jacksonian gain. |
| ||
| Maryland (Class 3) |
Edward Lloyd | Jacksonian | 1819 1825 |
Incumbent resigned January 14, 1826. New senator elected January 24, 1826. Anti-Jacksonian gain. |
|
| Mississippi (Class 1) |
Powhatan Ellis | Jacksonian | 1825 (appointed) | Interim appointee lost election January 28, 1826. Jacksonian hold. |
|
| Massachusetts (Class 2) |
James Lloyd | Anti-Jacksonian | 1808 (special) 1808 1813 (resigned) 1822 (special) 1822 |
Incumbent resigned May 23, 1826. New senator elected May 31, 1826. Anti-Jacksonian hold. |
|
| New Jersey (Class 1) |
Joseph McIlvaine | Anti-Jacksonian | 1823 (special) | Incumbent died August 19, 1826 New senator elected November 10, 1826. Anti-Jacksonian hold. Winner also elected to the next term; see below. |
|
| Alabama (Class 3) |
Israel Pickens | Jacksonian | 1826 (appointed) | Interim appointee not elected to finish the term. New senator elected November 27, 1826. Jacksonian hold. |
|
| South Carolina (Class 3) |
William Harper | Jacksonian | 1826 (appointed) | Interim appointee not elected to finish the term. New senator elected November 29, 1826. Jacksonian hold. |
|
| Delaware (Class 2) |
Daniel Rodney | Anti-Jacksonian | 1826 (appointed) | Interim appointee not elected to finish the term. New senator elected January 12, 1827. Jacksonian gain. |
|
Races leading to the 20th Congress
[edit ]In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1827; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Connecticut | Henry W. Edwards | Jacksonian | 1823 (appointed) 1824 (special) |
Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected. Anti-Jacksonian gain. |
|
| Delaware | Thomas Clayton | Anti-Jacksonian | 1824 (special) | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected. Jacksonian gain. |
|
| Indiana | James Noble | Anti-Jacksonian | 1816 1821 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Maine | John Holmes | Anti-Jacksonian | 1820 1821 |
Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected. Jacksonian gain. |
|
| Maryland | Samuel Smith | Jacksonian | 1802 1809 1815 (lost) 1822 (special) |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts | Elijah H. Mills | Anti-Jacksonian | 1820 (special) 1820 |
Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature elected late. Anti-Jacksonian loss. |
[data missing ] |
| Mississippi | Thomas Reed | Jacksonian | 1826 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1826 or 1827. Jacksonian hold. |
|
| Missouri | Thomas H. Benton | Jacksonian | 1821 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| New Jersey | Joseph McIlvaine | Anti-Jacksonian | 1823 (special) | Incumbent died August 19, 1826. New senator elected November 10, 1826. Anti-Jacksonian hold. Winner was also elected to finish the preceding term; see above. |
|
| New York | Martin Van Buren | Jacksonian | 1821 | Incumbent re-elected February 6, 1827. |
|
| Ohio | Benjamin Ruggles | Anti-Jacksonian | 1815 1821 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Pennsylvania | William Findlay | Jacksonian | 1821 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Jacksonian hold. |
|
| Rhode Island | Asher Robbins | Anti-Jacksonian | 1825 (special) | Incumbent re-elected November 2, 1826. |
|
| Tennessee | John Eaton | Jacksonian | 1818 (appointed) 1819 (special) 1821 (special) |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Vermont | Horatio Seymour | Anti-Jacksonian | 1821 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Virginia | John Randolph | Jacksonian | 1825 (Appointed) | Appointee lost election. New senator elected. Jacksonian hold. |
|
Elections during the 20th Congress
[edit ]In this election, the winner was seated in 1827 after the new Congress began on March 4.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Massachusetts (Class 1) |
Vacant | Vacant due to late election. New senator elected June 8, 1827. Anti-Jacksonian gain. |
| ||
Alabama (special)
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Connecticut
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Delaware
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Delaware had two elections: A special for the class 2 seat and a regular election for the class 1 seat. The elections flipped both seats from Anti-Jacksonian to Jacksonian.
Delaware (special)
[edit ]Anti-Jacksonian senator Nicholas Van Dyke died May 21, 1826, and Anti-Jacksonian Daniel Rodney was appointed to continue the class 2 term (ending March 3, 1829) until a special election.
Jacksonian Henry M. Ridgely was elected January 12, 1827.
Delaware (regular)
[edit ]Anti-Jacksonian Thomas Clayton had served since winning an 1824 special election. It is unknown if Clayton was a candidate for re-election in 1827, but that election was won by Jacksonian Louis McLane.
Indiana
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Maine
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Maryland
[edit ]Maryland (special)
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1826 United States Senate special election in MarylandThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2022)
80 members of the Maryland General Assembly
| Candidate | Ezekiel F. Chambers | Philip Reed |
|---|---|---|
| Party | National Republican | Democratic-Republican |
| Legislative vote | 49 | 34 |
| Percentage | 59.04% | 40.96% |
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Ezekiel F. Chambers won election over Philip Reed by a margin of 18.07%, or 15 votes, for the Class 3 seat.[5]
Maryland (regular)
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1827 United States Senate election in MarylandThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2022)
80 members of the Maryland General Assembly
| Candidate | Samuel Smith | Did not vote |
|---|---|---|
| Party | Jacksonian democracy | |
| Legislative vote | 78 | 5 |
| Percentage | 93.98% | 6.02 |
Samuel Smith won election by a margin of 87.95%, or 73 votes, for the Class 1 seat.[6]
Massachusetts
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Massachusetts (special, class 2)
[edit ]Massachusetts (regular)
[edit ]Massachusetts (special, class 1)
[edit ]Mississippi
[edit ]Jacksonian interim appointee Powhatan Ellis had served in the class 1 seat since 1825 for the term ending March 3, 1827.
He faced a special election to finish the term and a regular election to the next term.
Mississippi (special)
[edit ]Jacksonian Thomas Buck Reed was elected January 27, 1826, to finish the term, but not to the next full term.
Mississippi (regular)
[edit ]Jacksonian interim appointee Powhatan Ellis was elected sometime (date unknown) to the next term, and would go on to serve until 1832.
Missouri
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New Jersey
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New Jersey (regular)
[edit ]New Jersey (special)
[edit ]New York
[edit ]Main article: 1827 United States Senate election in New York
See also: List of United States senators from New York and 1825–1826 United States Senate election in New York
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Ohio
[edit ]See also: List of United States senators from Ohio
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Pennsylvania
[edit ]Main article: 1826 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania
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Rhode Island
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South Carolina (special)
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Tennessee
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Vermont
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Virginia
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See also
[edit ]Notes
[edit ]- ^ a b In Mississippi, Jacksonian appointee Powhatan Ellis lost the election to finish the term, but was elected to the next term.
- ^ Appointee elected
References
[edit ]- ^ "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - Container Detail Page". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ J. Fred Parker, Secretary of State (1914). Manual, with Rules and Orders, for the use of the General Assembly of the State of Rhode Island, 1914. State of Rhode Island manual. Providence, RI: E. L. Freeman Company, State Printers. p. 149.
- ^ "STATE LEGISLATURE.: IN THE SENATE". Christian Register. Vol. 6, no. 21. June 9, 1827. p. 90.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Jan 24, 1826". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Jan 09, 1827". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov