1820–21 United States Senate elections
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1820–21 United States Senate elections
15 of the 46 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections)
24 seats needed for a majority
80 members of the Maryland General Assembly
← 1818 & 1819
Dates vary by state
1822 & 1823 →
15 of the 46 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections)
24 seats needed for a majority
| Majority party | Minority party | |
|---|---|---|
| Party | Democratic-Republican | Federalist |
| Last election | 30 seats | 9 seats |
| Seats before | 37 | 9 |
| Seats won | 11 | 1 |
| Seats after | 38 | 5 |
| Seat change | Increase 1 | Decrease 4 |
| Seats up | 10 | 5 |
Results:
Dem-Republican hold Dem-Republican gain
Federalist hold Legislature Failed To Elect
Dem-Republican hold Dem-Republican gain
Federalist hold Legislature Failed To Elect
The 1820–21 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, corresponding with James Monroe's landslide re-election. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1820 and 1821, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1.
The Democratic-Republican Party gain one-to-five seats (in the general and special elections), assuming almost complete control of the Senate.
Results summary
[edit ]Senate party division, 17th Congress (1821–1823)
- Majority party: Democratic-Republican (39–43)
- Minority party: Federalist (4)
- Vacant: (3–1)
- Total seats: 46–48
Change in composition
[edit ]Before the elections
[edit ]Composition after the June 13 and 14, 1820 elections in Maine.
DR13
DR12
DR11
DR10
DR9
DR8
DR7
DR6
DR5
DR4
DR14
DR15
DR16
DR17
DR18
DR19
DR20
DR21
DR22
DR23
Majority →
DR24
DR33
N.Y.
Ran DR32
N.J.
Ran DR31
Miss.
Ran DR30
Md.
Ran DR29
Maine
New seat
Ran DR28
Ind.
Ran DR27 DR26 DR25
N.Y.
Ran DR32
N.J.
Ran DR31
Miss.
Ran DR30
Md.
Ran DR29
Maine
New seat
Ran DR28
Ind.
Ran DR27 DR26 DR25
DR34
Ohio
Ran DR35
Va.
Ran DR36
Pa.
Unknown DR37
Tenn.
Unknown F9
Vt.
Retired F8
Del.
Retired F7
R.I.
Unknown F6
Mass.
Ran F5
Conn.
Ran F4
Ohio
Ran DR35
Va.
Ran DR36
Pa.
Unknown DR37
Tenn.
Unknown F9
Vt.
Retired F8
Del.
Retired F7
R.I.
Unknown F6
Mass.
Ran F5
Conn.
Ran F4
F1
F2
F3
Result of the general elections
[edit ]
DR1
DR2
DR3
DR13
DR12
DR11
DR10
DR9
DR8
DR7
DR6
DR5
DR4
DR14
DR15
DR16
DR17
DR18
DR19
DR20
DR21
DR22
DR23
Majority →
DR24
DR33
Va.
Re-elected DR32
Ohio
Re-elected DR31
Miss.
Re-elected DR30
Md.
Re-elected DR29
Maine
Re-elected DR28
Ind.
Re-elected DR27 DR26 DR25
Va.
Re-elected DR32
Ohio
Re-elected DR31
Miss.
Re-elected DR30
Md.
Re-elected DR29
Maine
Re-elected DR28
Ind.
Re-elected DR27 DR26 DR25
DR34
N.J.
Hold DR35
N.Y.
Hold DR36
Conn.
Gain DR37
R.I.
Gain DR38
Vt.
Gain V1
Pa.
DR loss V2
Tenn.
DR loss V3
Del.
F loss F5
Mass.
Re-elected F4
N.J.
Hold DR35
N.Y.
Hold DR36
Conn.
Gain DR37
R.I.
Gain DR38
Vt.
Gain V1
Pa.
DR loss V2
Tenn.
DR loss V3
Del.
F loss F5
Mass.
Re-elected F4
F1
F2
F3
Result of the special elections in the next Congress
[edit ] DR14
DR13
DR12
DR11
DR10
DR9
DR8
DR7
DR6
DR5
DR15
DR16
DR17
DR18
DR19
DR20
DR21
DR22
DR23
DR24
Majority →
DR25
DR34
DR33
DR32
DR31
DR30
DR29
DR28
DR27
DR26
F1
F2
F3
F4
| Key: |
F#
Federalist
V#
Vacant
|
|---|
Race summaries
[edit ]Bold states link to specific election articles.
Special elections during the preceding Congress
[edit ]In these special elections, the winner was elected during 1820 or before March 4, 1821; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| New York (Class 3) |
Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect in 1818/1819. Previous incumbent was elected January 8, 1820. Federalist gain. |
| ||
| Massachusetts (Class 1) |
Prentiss Mellen | Federalist | 1820 (special) | Incumbent resigned to become Chief Justice of Maine. New senator elected June 12, 1820. Winner was also elected to the next term. Federalist hold. |
|
| Maine (Class 1) |
None (new state) | New senator elected June 13, 1820 on the second ballot. Winner was also elected to the next term. Democratic-Republican gain. |
First ballot:
Second ballot:
| ||
| Maine (Class 2) |
New senator elected June 14, 1820. Democratic-Republican gain. |
| |||
| Mississippi (Class 1) |
Walter Leake | Democratic- Republican |
1817 | Incumbent resigned May 15, 1820. New senator elected August 30, 1820. Winner was also elected to the next term. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Kentucky (Class 3) |
William Logan | Democratic- Republican |
1818 | Incumbent resigned May 28, 1820 to run for Governor of Kentucky. New senator elected October 19, 1820. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Rhode Island (Class 2) |
James Burrill Jr. | Federalist | 1816 | Incumbent died December 25, 1820. New senator elected January 9, 1821. Democratic-Republican gain. |
|
Races leading to the next Congress
[edit ]In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1821; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Connecticut | Samuel Dana | Federalist | 1810 (special) 1814 |
Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected March 4, 1821. Democratic-Republican gain. |
|
| Delaware | Outerbridge Horsey | Federalist | 1810 (special) 1815 |
Incumbent retired. Legislature failed to elect. Federalist loss. A Democratic-Republican was later elected in 1822. |
|
| Indiana | James Noble | Democratic- Republican |
1816 | Incumbent re-elected in 1821. |
|
| Maine | John Holmes | Democratic- Republican |
1820 | Incumbent re-elected January 31, 1821. |
|
| Maryland | William Pinkney | Democratic- Republican |
1819 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1820 or 1821. |
|
| Massachusetts | Elijah H. Mills | Federalist | 1820 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1820.[2] |
|
| Mississippi | David Holmes | Democratic- Republican |
1820 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1820 or 1821. |
|
| New Jersey | James J. Wilson | Democratic- Republican |
1815 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected November 11, 1820.[3] Democratic-Republican hold. Incumbent then resigned January 8, 1821, and winner was appointed to finish the term. |
|
| New York | Nathan Sanford | Democratic- Republican |
1809 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected February 6, 1821. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Ohio | Benjamin Ruggles | Democratic- Republican |
1815 | Incumbent re-elected in 1820 or 1821. |
|
| Pennsylvania | Jonathan Roberts | Democratic- Republican |
1814 (special) 1814 |
Legislature failed to elect. Democratic-Republican loss. New senator would later be elected in 1821. |
[data missing ]
|
| Rhode Island | William Hunter | Federalist | 1811 (special) 1814 |
Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1820 or 1821. Democratic-Republican gain. |
|
| Tennessee | John H. Eaton | Democratic- Republican |
1818 (appointed) 1819 (special) |
Legislature failed to elect. Democratic-Republican loss. New senator would later be elected September 27, 1821; see below.[4] |
[data missing ]
|
| Vermont | Isaac Tichenor | Federalist | 1796 (special) 1796 1797 (resigned) 1814 |
Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1821. Democratic-Republican gain. |
|
| Virginia | James Barbour | Democratic- Republican |
1814 (special) 1814 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1821. |
|
Special elections during the next Congress
[edit ]In this special election, the winner was elected in 1821 after March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Missouri (Class 1) |
None (new state) | New senator elected August 10, 1821. Democratic-Republican gain. |
| ||
| Missouri (Class 3) |
New senator elected August 10, 1821. Democratic-Republican gain. |
| |||
| Tennessee (Class 1) |
Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. New senator re-elected late September 27, 1821.[4] Democratic-Republican gain. |
| ||
| Georgia (Class 2) |
Freeman Walker | Democratic- Republican |
1819 (special) | Incumbent resigned August 6, 1821. New senator elected November 10, 1821. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Pennsylvania (Class 1) |
Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. New senator elected December 10, 1821. Democratic-Republican gain. |
| ||
Connecticut
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Delaware
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Georgia (special)
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Indiana
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Kentucky (special)
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Maine
[edit ]John Holmes (Democratic-Republican) was elected as one of the new states first pair of senators whose terms began with June 13, 1820, statehood. He was elected to the class 1 seat's short term, which ended March 3, 1821, and was re-elected January 31, 1821, to the term starting March 4, 1821.
John Chandler (Democratic-Republican) as elected to the class 2 seat's long term, and his term would end March 3, 1823.
Maryland
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1821 United States Senate election in MarylandThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2022)
80 members of the Maryland General Assembly
| Candidate | William Pinkney |
|---|---|
| Party | Democratic-Republican |
| Legislative vote | - |
| Percentage | -% |
_(cropped).jpg){kind=link}
William Pinkney won election by an unknown number of votes, for the Class 1 seat.[5]
Massachusetts
[edit ]Massachusetts (regular)
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Massachusetts (special)
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Mississippi
[edit ]Mississippi (regular)
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Mississippi (special)
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Missouri
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New Jersey
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New York
[edit ]New York (regular)
[edit ]Main article: 1821 United States Senate election in New York
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New York (special)
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Ohio
[edit ]See also: List of United States senators from Ohio
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Pennsylvania
[edit ]Main article: 1820–1821 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania
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Rhode Island
[edit ]Rhode Island (regular)
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Rhode Island (special)
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Tennessee
[edit ]Tennessee (regular)
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Tennessee (special)
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Vermont
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Virginia
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See also
[edit ]- 1820 United States elections
- 16th United States Congress
- 17th United States Congress
- Elections in the United States
Notes
[edit ]References
[edit ]- ^ "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
- ^ a b "Massachusetts 1820 U.S. Senate". A New Nation Votes. Tufts University Digital Collections and Archives. November 11, 1820. Retrieved June 5, 2019.
- ^ a b "New Jersey 1820 U.S. Senate". A New Nation Votes. Tufts University Digital Collections and Archives. November 11, 1820. Retrieved June 9, 2015.
- ^ a b "EATON, John Henry, (1790 - 1856)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress . Retrieved June 9, 2015.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Dec 07, 1821". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
- Byrd, Robert C. (October 1, 1993). Wolff, Wendy (ed.). The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992. United States Senate Historical Office (volume 4 Bicentennial ed.). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 9780160632563.