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namespace std {
 class shared_mutex;
 class shared_timed_mutex;
 template<class Mutex> class shared_lock;
 template<class Mutex>
 void swap(shared_lock<Mutex>& x, shared_lock<Mutex>& y) noexcept;
}

namespace std {
 class shared_mutex {
 public:
 shared_mutex();
 ~shared_mutex();
 
 shared_mutex(const shared_mutex&) = delete;
 shared_mutex& operator=(const shared_mutex&) = delete;
 
 // exclusive ownership
 void lock(); // blocking
 bool try_lock();
 void unlock();
 
 // shared ownership
 void lock_shared(); // blocking
 bool try_lock_shared();
 void unlock_shared();
 
 using native_handle_type = /* implementation-defined */;
 native_handle_type native_handle();
 };
}

namespace std {
 class shared_timed_mutex {
 public:
 shared_timed_mutex();
 ~shared_timed_mutex();
 
 shared_timed_mutex(const shared_timed_mutex&) = delete;
 shared_timed_mutex& operator=(const shared_timed_mutex&) = delete;
 
 // exclusive ownership
 void lock(); // blocking
 bool try_lock();
 template<class Rep, class Period>
 bool try_lock_for(const chrono::duration<Rep, Period>& rel_time);
 template<class Clock, class Duration>
 bool try_lock_until(const chrono::time_point<Clock, Duration>& abs_time);
 void unlock();
 
 // shared ownership
 void lock_shared(); // blocking
 bool try_lock_shared();
 template<class Rep, class Period>
 bool try_lock_shared_for(const chrono::duration<Rep, Period>& rel_time);
 template<class Clock, class Duration>
 bool try_lock_shared_until(const chrono::time_point<Clock, Duration>& abs_time);
 void unlock_shared();
 };
}

namespace std {
 template<class Mutex>
 class shared_lock {
 public:
 using mutex_type = Mutex;
 
 // construct/copy/destroy
 shared_lock() noexcept;
 explicit shared_lock(mutex_type& m); // blocking
 shared_lock(mutex_type& m, defer_lock_t) noexcept;
 shared_lock(mutex_type& m, try_to_lock_t);
 shared_lock(mutex_type& m, adopt_lock_t);
 template<class Clock, class Duration>
 shared_lock(mutex_type& m, const chrono::time_point<Clock, Duration>& abs_time);
 template<class Rep, class Period>
 shared_lock(mutex_type& m, const chrono::duration<Rep, Period>& rel_time);
 ~shared_lock();
 
 shared_lock(const shared_lock&) = delete;
 shared_lock& operator=(const shared_lock&) = delete;
 
 shared_lock(shared_lock&& u) noexcept;
 shared_lock& operator=(shared_lock&& u) noexcept;
 
 // locking
 void lock(); // blocking
 bool try_lock();
 template<class Rep, class Period>
 bool try_lock_for(const chrono::duration<Rep, Period>& rel_time);
 template<class Clock, class Duration>
 bool try_lock_until(const chrono::time_point<Clock, Duration>& abs_time);
 void unlock();
 
 // modifiers
 void swap(shared_lock& u) noexcept;
 mutex_type* release() noexcept;
 
 // observers
 bool owns_lock() const noexcept;
 explicit operator bool () const noexcept;
 mutex_type* mutex() const noexcept;
 
 private:
 mutex_type* pm; // exposition only
 bool owns; // exposition only
 };
 
 template<class Mutex>
 void swap(shared_lock<Mutex>& x, shared_lock<Mutex>& y) noexcept;
}