Contents

• Front Matter
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Built-in Functions, Types, and Exceptions
  • 2.1 Built-in Functions
  • 2.2 Built-in Types
    • 2.2.1 Truth Value Testing
    • 2.2.2 Boolean Operations
    • 2.2.3 Comparisons
    • 2.2.4 Numeric Types
    • 2.2.5 Iterator Types
    • 2.2.6 Sequence Types
    • 2.2.7 Mapping Types
    • 2.2.8 File Objects
    • 2.2.9 Other Built-in Types
    • 2.2.10 Special Attributes
  • 2.3 Built-in Exceptions
• 3. Python Runtime Services
  • 3.1 sys -- System-specific parameters and functions
  • 3.2 gc -- Garbage Collector interface
  • 3.3 weakref -- Weak references
    • 3.3.1 Weak Reference Objects
    • 3.3.2 Example
    • 3.3.3 Weak References in Extension Types
  • 3.4 fpectl -- Floating point exception control
    • 3.4.1 Example
    • 3.4.2 Limitations and other considerations
  • 3.5 atexit -- Exit handlers
    • 3.5.1 atexit Example
  • 3.6 types -- Names for all built-in types
  • 3.7 UserDict -- Class wrapper for dictionary objects
  • 3.8 UserList -- Class wrapper for list objects
  • 3.9 UserString -- Class wrapper for string objects
  • 3.10 operator -- Standard operators as functions.
    • 3.10.1 Mapping Operators to Functions
  • 3.11 inspect -- Inspect live objects
    • 3.11.1 Types and members
    • 3.11.2 Retrieving source code
    • 3.11.3 Classes and functions
    • 3.11.4 The interpreter stack
  • 3.12 traceback -- Print or retrieve a stack traceback
    • 3.12.1 Traceback Example
  • 3.13 linecache -- Random access to text lines
  • 3.14 pickle -- Python object serialization
    • 3.14.1 Relationship to other Python modules
    • 3.14.2 Data stream format
    • 3.14.3 Usage
    • 3.14.4 What can be pickled and unpickled?
    • 3.14.5 The pickle protocol
    • 3.14.6 Security
    • 3.14.7 Example
  • 3.15 cPickle -- A faster pickle
  • 3.16 copy_reg -- Register pickle support functions
  • 3.17 shelve -- Python object persistence
  • 3.18 copy -- Shallow and deep copy operations
  • 3.19 marshal -- Internal Python object serialization
  • 3.20 warnings -- Warning control
    • 3.20.1 Warning Categories
    • 3.20.2 The Warnings Filter
    • 3.20.3 Available Functions
  • 3.21 imp -- Access the import internals
    • 3.21.1 Examples
  • 3.22 code -- Interpreter base classes
    • 3.22.1 Interactive Interpreter Objects
    • 3.22.2 Interactive Console Objects
  • 3.23 codeop -- Compile Python code
  • 3.24 pprint -- Data pretty printer
    • 3.24.1 PrettyPrinter Objects
  • 3.25 repr -- Alternate repr() implementation
    • 3.25.1 Repr Objects
    • 3.25.2 Subclassing Repr Objects
  • 3.26 new -- Creation of runtime internal objects
  • 3.27 site -- Site-specific configuration hook
  • 3.28 user -- User-specific configuration hook
  • 3.29 __builtin__ -- Built-in functions
  • 3.30 __main__ -- Top-level script environment
• 4. String Services
  • 4.1 string -- Common string operations
  • 4.2 re -- Regular expression operations
    • 4.2.1 Regular Expression Syntax
    • 4.2.2 Matching vs Searching
    • 4.2.3 Module Contents
    • 4.2.4 Regular Expression Objects
    • 4.2.5 Match Objects
    • 4.2.6 Examples
  • 4.3 struct -- Interpret strings as packed binary data
  • 4.4 difflib -- Helpers for computing deltas
    • 4.4.1 SequenceMatcher Objects
    • 4.4.2 SequenceMatcher Examples
    • 4.4.3 Differ Objects
    • 4.4.4 Differ Example
  • 4.5 fpformat -- Floating point conversions
  • 4.6 StringIO -- Read and write strings as files
  • 4.7 cStringIO -- Faster version of StringIO
  • 4.8 codecs -- Codec registry and base classes
    • 4.8.1 Codec Base Classes
  • 4.9 unicodedata -- Unicode Database
• 5. Miscellaneous Services
  • 5.1 pydoc -- Documentation generator and online help system
  • 5.2 doctest -- Test docstrings represent reality
    • 5.2.1 Normal Usage
    • 5.2.2 Which Docstrings Are Examined?
    • 5.2.3 What's the Execution Context?
    • 5.2.4 What About Exceptions?
    • 5.2.5 Advanced Usage
    • 5.2.6 How are Docstring Examples Recognized?
    • 5.2.7 Warnings
    • 5.2.8 Soapbox
  • 5.3 unittest -- Unit testing framework
    • 5.3.1 Organizing test code
    • 5.3.2 Re-using old test code
    • 5.3.3 Classes and functions
    • 5.3.4 TestCase Objects
    • 5.3.5 TestSuite Objects
    • 5.3.6 TestResult Objects
    • 5.3.7 TestLoader Objects
    • 5.3.8 Getting Extended Error Information
  • 5.4 math -- Mathematical functions
  • 5.5 cmath -- Mathematical functions for complex numbers
  • 5.6 random -- Generate pseudo-random numbers
  • 5.7 whrandom -- Pseudo-random number generator
  • 5.8 bisect -- Array bisection algorithm
    • 5.8.1 Example
  • 5.9 array -- Efficient arrays of numeric values
  • 5.10 ConfigParser -- Configuration file parser
    • 5.10.1 ConfigParser Objects
  • 5.11 fileinput -- Iterate over lines from multiple input streams
  • 5.12 xreadlines -- Efficient iteration over a file
  • 5.13 calendar -- General calendar-related functions
  • 5.14 cmd -- Support for line-oriented command interpreters
    • 5.14.1 Cmd Objects
  • 5.15 shlex -- Simple lexical analysis
    • 5.15.1 shlex Objects
• 6. Generic Operating System Services
  • 6.1 os -- Miscellaneous operating system interfaces
    • 6.1.1 Process Parameters
    • 6.1.2 File Object Creation
    • 6.1.3 File Descriptor Operations
    • 6.1.4 Files and Directories
    • 6.1.5 Process Management
    • 6.1.6 Miscellaneous System Information
  • 6.2 os.path -- Common pathname manipulations
  • 6.3 dircache -- Cached directory listings
  • 6.4 stat -- Interpreting stat() results
  • 6.5 statcache -- An optimization of os.stat()
  • 6.6 statvfs -- Constants used with os.statvfs()
  • 6.7 filecmp -- File and Directory Comparisons
    • 6.7.1 The dircmp class
  • 6.8 popen2 -- Subprocesses with accessible I/O streams
    • 6.8.1 Popen3 and Popen4 Objects
    • 6.8.2 Flow Control Issues
  • 6.9 time -- Time access and conversions
  • 6.10 sched -- Event scheduler
    • 6.10.1 Scheduler Objects
  • 6.11 mutex -- Mutual exclusion support
    • 6.11.1 Mutex Objects
  • 6.12 getpass -- Portable password input
  • 6.13 curses -- Terminal handling for character-cell displays
    • 6.13.1 Functions
    • 6.13.2 Window Objects
    • 6.13.3 Constants
  • 6.14 curses.textpad -- Text input widget for curses programs
    • 6.14.1 Textbox objects
  • 6.15 curses.wrapper -- Terminal handler for curses programs
  • 6.16 curses.ascii -- Utilities for ASCII characters
  • 6.17 curses.panel -- A panel stack extension for curses.
    • 6.17.1 Functions
    • 6.17.2 Panel Objects
  • 6.18 getopt -- Parser for command line options
  • 6.19 tempfile -- Generate temporary file names
  • 6.20 errno -- Standard errno system symbols
  • 6.21 glob -- Unix style pathname pattern expansion
  • 6.22 fnmatch -- Unix filename pattern matching
  • 6.23 shutil -- High-level file operations
    • 6.23.1 Example
  • 6.24 locale -- Internationalization services
    • 6.24.1 Background, details, hints, tips and caveats
    • 6.24.2 For extension writers and programs that embed Python
  • 6.25 gettext -- Multilingual internationalization services
    • 6.25.1 GNU gettext API
    • 6.25.2 Class-based API
    • 6.25.3 Internationalizing your programs and modules
    • 6.25.4 Acknowledgements
• 7. Optional Operating System Services
  • 7.1 signal -- Set handlers for asynchronous events
    • 7.1.1 Example
  • 7.2 socket -- Low-level networking interface
    • 7.2.1 Socket Objects
    • 7.2.2 SSL Objects
    • 7.2.3 Example
  • 7.3 select -- Waiting for I/O completion
    • 7.3.1 Polling Objects
  • 7.4 thread -- Multiple threads of control
  • 7.5 threading -- Higher-level threading interface
    • 7.5.1 Lock Objects
    • 7.5.2 RLock Objects
    • 7.5.3 Condition Objects
    • 7.5.4 Semaphore Objects
    • 7.5.5 Event Objects
    • 7.5.6 Thread Objects
    • 7.5.7 Timer Objects
  • 7.6 Queue -- A synchronized queue class
    • 7.6.1 Queue Objects
  • 7.7 mmap -- Memory-mapped file support
  • 7.8 anydbm -- Generic access to DBM-style databases
  • 7.9 dumbdbm -- Portable DBM implementation
  • 7.10 dbhash -- DBM-style interface to the BSD database library
    • 7.10.1 Database Objects
  • 7.11 whichdb -- Guess which DBM module created a database
  • 7.12 bsddb -- Interface to Berkeley DB library
    • 7.12.1 Hash, BTree and Record Objects
  • 7.13 zlib -- Compression compatible with gzip
  • 7.14 gzip -- Support for gzip files
  • 7.15 zipfile -- Work with ZIP archives
    • 7.15.1 ZipFile Objects
    • 7.15.2 PyZipFile Objects
    • 7.15.3 ZipInfo Objects
  • 7.16 readline -- GNU readline interface
    • 7.16.1 Example
  • 7.17 rlcompleter -- Completion function for GNU readline
    • 7.17.1 Completer Objects
• 8. Unix Specific Services
  • 8.1 posix -- The most common POSIX system calls
    • 8.1.1 Large File Support
    • 8.1.2 Module Contents
  • 8.2 pwd -- The password database
  • 8.3 grp -- The group database
  • 8.4 crypt -- Function to check Unix passwords
  • 8.5 dl -- Call C functions in shared objects
    • 8.5.1 Dl Objects
  • 8.6 dbm -- Simple ``database'' interface
  • 8.7 gdbm -- GNU's reinterpretation of dbm
  • 8.8 termios -- POSIX style tty control
    • 8.8.1 Example
  • 8.9 TERMIOS -- Constants used with the termios module
  • 8.10 tty -- Terminal control functions
  • 8.11 pty -- Pseudo-terminal utilities
  • 8.12 fcntl -- The fcntl() and ioctl() system calls
  • 8.13 pipes -- Interface to shell pipelines
    • 8.13.1 Template Objects
  • 8.14 posixfile -- File-like objects with locking support
  • 8.15 resource -- Resource usage information
    • 8.15.1 Resource Limits
    • 8.15.2 Resource Usage
  • 8.16 nis -- Interface to Sun's NIS (Yellow Pages)
  • 8.17 syslog -- Unix syslog library routines
  • 8.18 commands -- Utilities for running commands
• 9. The Python Debugger
  • 9.1 Debugger Commands
  • 9.2 How It Works
• 10. The Python Profiler
  • 10.1 Introduction to the profiler
  • 10.2 How Is This Profiler Different From The Old Profiler?
  • 10.3 Instant Users Manual
  • 10.4 What Is Deterministic Profiling?
  • 10.5 Reference Manual
    • 10.5.1 The Stats Class
  • 10.6 Limitations
  • 10.7 Calibration
  • 10.8 Extensions -- Deriving Better Profilers
• 11. Internet Protocols and Support
  • 11.1 webbrowser -- Convenient Web-browser controller
    • 11.1.1 Browser Controller Objects
  • 11.2 cgi -- Common Gateway Interface support.
    • 11.2.1 Introduction
    • 11.2.2 Using the cgi module
    • 11.2.3 Higher Level Interface
    • 11.2.4 Old classes
    • 11.2.5 Functions
    • 11.2.6 Caring about security
    • 11.2.7 Installing your CGI script on a Unix system
    • 11.2.8 Testing your CGI script
    • 11.2.9 Debugging CGI scripts
    • 11.2.10 Common problems and solutions
  • 11.3 cgitb -- Traceback manager for CGI scripts
  • 11.4 urllib -- Open arbitrary resources by URL
    • 11.4.1 URLopener Objects
    • 11.4.2 Examples
  • 11.5 urllib2 -- extensible library for opening URLs
    • 11.5.1 Request Objects
    • 11.5.2 OpenerDirector Objects
    • 11.5.3 BaseHandler Objects
    • 11.5.4 HTTPRedirectHandler Objects
    • 11.5.5 ProxyHandler Objects
    • 11.5.6 HTTPPasswordMgr Objects
    • 11.5.7 AbstractBasicAuthHandler Objects
    • 11.5.8 HTTPBasicAuthHandler Objects
    • 11.5.9 ProxyBasicAuthHandler Objects
    • 11.5.10 AbstractDigestAuthHandler Objects
    • 11.5.11 HTTPDigestAuthHandler Objects
    • 11.5.12 ProxyDigestAuthHandler Objects
    • 11.5.13 HTTPHandler Objects
    • 11.5.14 HTTPSHandler Objects
    • 11.5.15 FileHandler Objects
    • 11.5.16 FTPHandler Objects
    • 11.5.17 CacheFTPHandler Objects
    • 11.5.18 GopherHandler Objects
    • 11.5.19 UnknownHandler Objects
    • 11.5.20 Examples
  • 11.6 httplib -- HTTP protocol client
    • 11.6.1 HTTPConnection Objects
    • 11.6.2 HTTPResponse Objects
    • 11.6.3 Examples
  • 11.7 ftplib -- FTP protocol client
    • 11.7.1 FTP Objects
  • 11.8 gopherlib -- Gopher protocol client
  • 11.9 poplib -- POP3 protocol client
    • 11.9.1 POP3 Objects
    • 11.9.2 POP3 Example
  • 11.10 imaplib -- IMAP4 protocol client
    • 11.10.1 IMAP4 Objects
    • 11.10.2 IMAP4 Example
  • 11.11 nntplib -- NNTP protocol client
    • 11.11.1 NNTP Objects
  • 11.12 smtplib -- SMTP protocol client
    • 11.12.1 SMTP Objects
    • 11.12.2 SMTP Example
  • 11.13 telnetlib -- Telnet client
    • 11.13.1 Telnet Objects
    • 11.13.2 Telnet Example
  • 11.14 urlparse -- Parse URLs into components
  • 11.15 SocketServer -- A framework for network servers
  • 11.16 BaseHTTPServer -- Basic HTTP server
  • 11.17 SimpleHTTPServer -- Simple HTTP request handler
  • 11.18 CGIHTTPServer -- CGI-capable HTTP request handler
  • 11.19 Cookie -- HTTP state management
    • 11.19.1 Cookie Objects
    • 11.19.2 Morsel Objects
    • 11.19.3 Example
  • 11.20 xmlrpclib -- XML-RPC client access
    • 11.20.1 ServerProxy Objects
    • 11.20.2 Boolean Objects
    • 11.20.3 DateTime Objects
    • 11.20.4 Binary Objects
    • 11.20.5 Fault Objects
    • 11.20.6 ProtocolError Objects
    • 11.20.7 Convenience Functions
    • 11.20.8 Example of Client Usage
  • 11.21 SimpleXMLRPCServer -- Basic XML-RPC server
    • 11.21.1 SimpleXMLRPCServer Objects
  • 11.22 asyncore -- Asynchronous socket handler
    • 11.22.1 Example basic HTTP client
• 12. Internet Data Handling
  • 12.1 formatter -- Generic output formatting
    • 12.1.1 The Formatter Interface
    • 12.1.2 Formatter Implementations
    • 12.1.3 The Writer Interface
    • 12.1.4 Writer Implementations
  • 12.2 email -- An email and MIME handling package
    • 12.2.1 Representing an email message
    • 12.2.2 Parsing email messages
    • 12.2.3 Generating MIME documents
    • 12.2.4 Creating email and MIME objects from scratch
    • 12.2.5 Internationalized headers
    • 12.2.6 Representing character sets
    • 12.2.7 Encoders
    • 12.2.8 Exception classes
    • 12.2.9 Miscellaneous utilities
    • 12.2.10 Iterators
    • 12.2.11 Differences from email v1 (up to Python 2.2.1)
    • 12.2.12 Differences from mimelib
    • 12.2.13 Examples
  • 12.3 mailcap -- Mailcap file handling.
  • 12.4 mailbox -- Read various mailbox formats
    • 12.4.1 Mailbox Objects
  • 12.5 mhlib -- Access to MH mailboxes
    • 12.5.1 MH Objects
    • 12.5.2 Folder Objects
    • 12.5.3 Message Objects
  • 12.6 mimetools -- Tools for parsing MIME messages
    • 12.6.1 Additional Methods of Message Objects
  • 12.7 mimetypes -- Map filenames to MIME types
    • 12.7.1 MimeTypes Objects
  • 12.8 MimeWriter -- Generic MIME file writer
    • 12.8.1 MimeWriter Objects
  • 12.9 mimify -- MIME processing of mail messages
  • 12.10 multifile -- Support for files containing distinct parts
    • 12.10.1 MultiFile Objects
    • 12.10.2 MultiFile Example
  • 12.11 rfc822 -- Parse RFC 2822 mail headers
    • 12.11.1 Message Objects
    • 12.11.2 AddressList Objects
  • 12.12 base64 -- Encode and decode MIME base64 data
  • 12.13 binascii -- Convert between binary and ASCII
  • 12.14 binhex -- Encode and decode binhex4 files
    • 12.14.1 Notes
  • 12.15 quopri -- Encode and decode MIME quoted-printable data
  • 12.16 uu -- Encode and decode uuencode files
  • 12.17 xdrlib -- Encode and decode XDR data
    • 12.17.1 Packer Objects
    • 12.17.2 Unpacker Objects
    • 12.17.3 Exceptions
  • 12.18 netrc -- netrc file processing
    • 12.18.1 netrc Objects
  • 12.19 robotparser -- Parser for robots.txt
• 13. Structured Markup Processing Tools
  • 13.1 HTMLParser -- Simple HTML and XHTML parser
    • 13.1.1 Example HTML Parser Application
  • 13.2 sgmllib -- Simple SGML parser
  • 13.3 htmllib -- A parser for HTML documents
    • 13.3.1 HTMLParser Objects
  • 13.4 htmlentitydefs -- Definitions of HTML general entities
  • 13.5 xml.parsers.expat -- Fast XML parsing using Expat
    • 13.5.1 XMLParser Objects
    • 13.5.2 ExpatError Exceptions
    • 13.5.3 Example
    • 13.5.4 Content Model Descriptions
    • 13.5.5 Expat error constants
  • 13.6 xml.dom -- The Document Object Model API
    • 13.6.1 Module Contents
    • 13.6.2 Objects in the DOM
    • 13.6.3 Conformance
  • 13.7 xml.dom.minidom -- Lightweight DOM implementation
    • 13.7.1 DOM Objects
    • 13.7.2 DOM Example
    • 13.7.3 minidom and the DOM standard
  • 13.8 xml.dom.pulldom -- Support for building partial DOM trees
    • 13.8.1 DOMEventStream Objects
  • 13.9 xml.sax -- Support for SAX2 parsers
    • 13.9.1 SAXException Objects
  • 13.10 xml.sax.handler -- Base classes for SAX handlers
    • 13.10.1 ContentHandler Objects
    • 13.10.2 DTDHandler Objects
    • 13.10.3 EntityResolver Objects
    • 13.10.4 ErrorHandler Objects
  • 13.11 xml.sax.saxutils -- SAX Utilities
  • 13.12 xml.sax.xmlreader -- Interface for XML parsers
    • 13.12.1 XMLReader Objects
    • 13.12.2 IncrementalParser Objects
    • 13.12.3 Locator Objects
    • 13.12.4 InputSource Objects
    • 13.12.5 The Attributes Interface
    • 13.12.6 The AttributesNS Interface
  • 13.13 xmllib -- A parser for XML documents
    • 13.13.1 XML Namespaces
• 14. Multimedia Services
  • 14.1 audioop -- Manipulate raw audio data
  • 14.2 imageop -- Manipulate raw image data
  • 14.3 aifc -- Read and write AIFF and AIFC files
  • 14.4 sunau -- Read and write Sun AU files
    • 14.4.1 AU_read Objects
    • 14.4.2 AU_write Objects
  • 14.5 wave -- Read and write WAV files
    • 14.5.1 Wave_read Objects
    • 14.5.2 Wave_write Objects
  • 14.6 chunk -- Read IFF chunked data
  • 14.7 colorsys -- Conversions between color systems
  • 14.8 rgbimg -- Read and write ``SGI RGB'' files
  • 14.9 imghdr -- Determine the type of an image
  • 14.10 sndhdr -- Determine type of sound file
• 15. Cryptographic Services
  • 15.1 hmac -- Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication
  • 15.2 md5 -- MD5 message digest algorithm
  • 15.3 sha -- SHA message digest algorithm
  • 15.4 mpz -- GNU arbitrary magnitude integers
  • 15.5 rotor -- Enigma-like encryption and decryption
• 16. Graphical User Interfaces with Tk
  • 16.1 Tkinter -- Python interface to Tcl/Tk
    • 16.1.1 Tkinter Modules
    • 16.1.2 Tkinter Life Preserver
    • 16.1.3 A (Very) Quick Look at Tcl/Tk
    • 16.1.4 Mapping Basic Tk into Tkinter
    • 16.1.5 How Tk and Tkinter are Related
    • 16.1.6 Handy Reference
  • 16.2 Tix -- Extension widgets for Tk
    • 16.2.1 Using Tix
    • 16.2.2 Tix Widgets
    • 16.2.3 Tix Commands
  • 16.3 ScrolledText -- Scrolled Text Widget
  • 16.4 turtle -- Turtle graphics for Tk
    • 16.4.1 Pen and RawPen Objects
  • 16.5 Idle
    • 16.5.1 Menus
    • 16.5.2 Basic editing and navigation
    • 16.5.3 Syntax colors
  • 16.6 Other Graphical User Interface Packages
• 17. Restricted Execution
  • 17.1 rexec -- Restricted execution framework
    • 17.1.1 RExec Objects
    • 17.1.2 Defining restricted environments
    • 17.1.3 An example
  • 17.2 Bastion -- Restricting access to objects
• 18. Python Language Services
  • 18.1 parser -- Access Python parse trees
    • 18.1.1 Creating AST Objects
    • 18.1.2 Converting AST Objects
    • 18.1.3 Queries on AST Objects
    • 18.1.4 Exceptions and Error Handling
    • 18.1.5 AST Objects
    • 18.1.6 Examples
  • 18.2 symbol -- Constants used with Python parse trees
  • 18.3 token -- Constants used with Python parse trees
  • 18.4 keyword -- Testing for Python keywords
  • 18.5 tokenize -- Tokenizer for Python source
  • 18.6 tabnanny -- Detection of ambiguous indentation
  • 18.7 pyclbr -- Python class browser support
    • 18.7.1 Class Descriptor Objects
  • 18.8 py_compile -- Compile Python source files
  • 18.9 compileall -- Byte-compile Python libraries
  • 18.10 dis -- Disassembler for Python byte code
    • 18.10.1 Python Byte Code Instructions
  • 18.11 distutils -- Building and installing Python modules
• 19. Python compiler package
  • 19.1 The basic interface
  • 19.2 Limitations
  • 19.3 Python Abstract Syntax
    • 19.3.1 AST Nodes
    • 19.3.2 Assignment nodes
    • 19.3.3 Examples
  • 19.4 Using Visitors to Walk ASTs
  • 19.5 Bytecode Generation
• 20. SGI IRIX Specific Services
  • 20.1 al -- Audio functions on the SGI
    • 20.1.1 Configuration Objects
    • 20.1.2 Port Objects
  • 20.2 AL -- Constants used with the al module
  • 20.3 cd -- CD-ROM access on SGI systems
    • 20.3.1 Player Objects
    • 20.3.2 Parser Objects
  • 20.4 fl -- FORMS library for graphical user interfaces
    • 20.4.1 Functions Defined in Module fl
    • 20.4.2 Form Objects
    • 20.4.3 FORMS Objects
  • 20.5 FL -- Constants used with the fl module
  • 20.6 flp -- Functions for loading stored FORMS designs
  • 20.7 fm -- Font Manager interface
  • 20.8 gl -- Graphics Library interface
  • 20.9 DEVICE -- Constants used with the gl module
  • 20.10 GL -- Constants used with the gl module
  • 20.11 imgfile -- Support for SGI imglib files
  • 20.12 jpeg -- Read and write JPEG files
• 21. SunOS Specific Services
  • 21.1 sunaudiodev -- Access to Sun audio hardware
    • 21.1.1 Audio Device Objects
  • 21.2 SUNAUDIODEV -- Constants used with sunaudiodev
• 22. MS Windows Specific Services
  • 22.1 msvcrt - Useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime
    • 22.1.1 File Operations
    • 22.1.2 Console I/O
    • 22.1.3 Other Functions
  • 22.2 _winreg - Windows registry access
    • 22.2.1 Registry Handle Objects
  • 22.3 winsound -- Sound-playing interface for Windows
• A. Undocumented Modules
  • A.1 Frameworks
  • A.2 Miscellaneous useful utilities
  • A.3 Platform specific modules
  • A.4 Multimedia
  • A.5 Obsolete
  • A.6 SGI-specific Extension modules
• B. Reporting Bugs
• C. History and License
  • C.1 History of the software
  • C.2 Terms and conditions for accessing or otherwise using Python
• Module Index
• Index
• About this document ...