Generic plotting wrapper (around matplotlib)

Question

I am experimenting with making my own re-usable libraries. Therefore, I decided to start with some of the plots that I generally use during development/debugging to check what is actually inside my data.

My questions therefore are:

1. Would this be the correct way of writing a library?
2. Are there any pieces of my code that could be improved and/or be made simpler?

The library (needing a new title as the old title is already taken

#! /usr/bin/env python
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from scipy.optimize import curve_fit
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib as mpl
import numpy as np
import statsmodels.api as sm
def linear(x,a,b):
 return a*x+b
def quadratic(x,a,b,c):
 return a*x**2+b*x+c
def power_law(x,a,b,c):
 return a*x**b+c
def scatterplot_fit(X,Y,**kwargs):
 """
 Takes the X and Y lists and plots them as a 2D scatter plot
 through matplotlib. Additionally, the least squares fit is
 plotted throughout the datapoints.
 Keyword arguments:
 X -- List of the X-coordinates
 Y -- List of the Y-coordinates
 function -- Function to be used for curve fitting (default 'linear')
 Alternatives: 'quadratic','lowess' and 'power_law'
 xlabel -- Label for the X-axis (default "")
 ylabel -- Label for the Y-axis (default "")
 title -- Title for the plot (default "")
 """
 function, xlabel, ylabel, title = kwargs.get('function','linear'), kwargs.get('xlabel',""), kwargs.get('ylabel',""), kwargs.get('title',"")
 fig = plt.figure()
 fig.patch.set_facecolor('white')
 ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
 s = ax.scatter(X,Y)
 newX = np.linspace(min(X), max(X), 1000)
 if function == 'linear':
 popt, pcov = curve_fit(linear, X, Y)
 newY = linear(newX,*popt)
 a,b = popt
 label = "{:.2f}".format(a)+"*x+"+"{:.2f}".format(b)
 elif function == 'quadratic':
 popt, pcov = curve_fit(quadratic, X, Y)
 newY = quadratic(newX,*popt)
 a,b,c = popt
 label = "{:.2f}".format(a)+"*x**2+"+"{:.2f}".format(b)+"b*x+"+"{:.2f}".format(c)
 elif function == 'lowess':
 lowess = sm.nonparametric.lowess(Y, X)
 newX,newY = lowess[:, 0], lowess[:, 1]
 label='Lowess Fit'
 elif function == 'power_law':
 popt, pcov = curve_fit(power_law, X, Y)
 newY = power_law(newX,*popt)
 a,b,c = popt
 label = "{:.2f}".format(a)+"*x**"+"{:.2f}".format(b)+"+"+"{:.2f}".format(c)
 else:
 print "Incorrect function specified, please use linear, quadratic, lowess or power_law"
 return None
 plt.plot(newX,newY,label=label)
 ax.grid(True)
 ax.set_xlabel(xlabel)
 ax.set_ylabel(ylabel)
 ax.set_title(title)
 plt.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(0., 1.02, 1., .102), loc=3, ncol=2, mode="expand", borderaxespad=0.)
 plt.show()
 plt.close()
def heatmap_scatterplot(X,Y,Z,**kwargs):
 """
 Takes the X and Y lists and plots them as a scatterplot
 through matplotlib.with color coding of the points based 
 on the Z list.
 Keyword arguments:
 X -- List of the X-coordinates
 Y -- List of the Y-coordinates
 Z -- List of the Z-coordinates
 vmin -- Minimum value to be displayed in the colorbar (default min(Z))
 vmax -- Maximum value to be displayed in the colorbar (default max(Z))
 edges -- The edges of each individual datapoint (default 'black')
 cm -- The colormap used for the colorbar (default 'jet')
 xlabel -- Label for the X-axis (default "")
 ylabel -- Label for the Y-axis (default "")
 zlabel -- Label for the Z-axis (default "")
 title -- Title for the plot (default "")
 """
 vmin, vmax, edges, cm, xlabel, ylabel, zlabel, title = kwargs.get('vmin',min(Z)), kwargs.get('vmax',max(Z)), kwargs.get('edges','black'), kwargs.get('cm','jet'), kwargs.get('xlabel',""), kwargs.get('ylabel',""), kwargs.get('zlabel',""), kwargs.get('title',"")
 fig = plt.figure()
 fig.patch.set_facecolor('white')
 ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
 s = ax.scatter(X,Y,c=Z,edgecolor=edges)
 ax.grid(True)
 norm = mpl.colors.Normalize(vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax)
 ax1 = fig.add_axes([0.95, 0.1, 0.01, 0.8])
 cb = mpl.colorbar.ColorbarBase(ax1,norm=norm,cmap=cm,orientation='vertical')
 cb.set_clim(vmin=min(Z), vmax=max(Z))
 ax.set_xlabel(xlabel)
 ax.set_ylabel(ylabel)
 cb.set_label(zlabel)
 ax.set_title(title)
 plt.show()
 plt.close()
def three_dimension_scatterplot(X,Y,Z,**kwargs):
 """
 Takes the X, Y and Z lists and plots them as a 3D scatter plot
 through matplotlib.
 Keyword arguments:
 X -- List of the X-coordinates
 Y -- List of the Y-coordinates
 Z -- List of the Z-coordinates
 xlabel -- Label for the X-axis (default "")
 ylabel -- Label for the Y-axis (default "")
 zlabel -- Label for the Z-axis (default "")
 title -- Title for the plot (default "")
 """
 xlabel, ylabel, zlabel, title = kwargs.get('xlabel',""), kwargs.get('ylabel',""), kwargs.get('zlabel',""), kwargs.get('title',"")
 fig = plt.figure()
 fig.patch.set_facecolor('white')
 ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
 s = ax.scatter(X,Y,Z)
 ax.grid(True)
 ax.set_xlabel(xlabel)
 ax.set_ylabel(ylabel)
 ax.set_zlabel(zlabel)
 ax.set_title(title)
 plt.show()
 plt.close()
def wireframe(X,Y,Z,**kwargs):
 """
 Takes the X, Y and Z lists and plots them as a 3D wireframe
 through matplotlib.
 Keyword arguments:
 X -- List of the X-coordinates
 Y -- List of the Y-coordinates
 Z -- List of the Z-coordinates
 xlabel -- Label for the X-axis (default "")
 ylabel -- Label for the Y-axis (default "")
 zlabel -- Label for the Z-axis (default "")
 title -- Title for the plot (default "")
 """
 xlabel, ylabel, zlabel, title = kwargs.get('xlabel',""), kwargs.get('ylabel',""), kwargs.get('zlabel',""), kwargs.get('title',"")
 fig = plt.figure()
 fig.patch.set_facecolor('white')
 ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
 ax.plot_wireframe(X,Y,Z)
 ax.set_xlabel(xlabel)
 ax.set_ylabel(ylabel)
 ax.set_zlabel(zlabel)
 ax.set_title(title)
 plt.show()
 plt.close()
def surface(X,Y,Z,**kwargs):
 """ 
 Takes the X, Y and Z lists and plots them as a 3D surface plot
 through matplotlib.
 Keyword arguments:
 X -- List of the X-coordinates
 Y -- List of the Y-coordinates
 Z -- List of the Z-coordinates
 xlabel -- Label for the X-axis (default "")
 ylabel -- Label for the Y-axis (default "")
 zlabel -- Label for the Z-axis (default "")
 title -- Title for the plot (default "")
 """
 xlabel, ylabel, zlabel, title = kwargs.get('xlabel',""), kwargs.get('ylabel',""), kwargs.get('zlabel',""), kwargs.get('title',"")
 fig = plt.figure()
 fig.patch.set_facecolor('white')
 ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
 ax.plot_surface(X,Y,Z)
 ax.set_xlabel(xlabel)
 ax.set_ylabel(ylabel)
 ax.set_zlabel(zlabel)
 ax.set_title(title)
 plt.show()
 plt.close()

Answer 1

Overall the code is pretty good, and close to how I would do a library. I do have some suggestions, however:

1. Follow the pep8 style guide.
2. When doing numerical code always have from __future__ import division.
3. Don't put multiple commands on one line. So, for example, for your kwargs, each should be on a separate line.
4. Rather than using **kwargs and getting the values out of the dict, you should define specific keyword arguments and give them default values. In cases where the default value needs to be computed at runtime (such as max(Z)) you can set the default as None then test if it is None at the beginning of the function. This is both simpler for you and much, much easier for people wanting to use your library.
5. I would have *args and **kwargs in every function which are passed unchanged to the matplotlib plotting funcion. This is a good way to keep your code simple while still allowing access to the more advanced capabilities of the library you are using.
6. Your plot setup code and plot formatting code are pretty consistent across function. You can split those out into their own functions to reduce code duplication.
7. I would split the fitting code (currently in the if...elif section) into their own functions, then access them using a dict.
8. If I were writing a library, I would split the fitting bits (which don't require matplotlib) into their own python file, and only keep the plotting-specific bits in this file.
9. Also, if I was writing a library, I would have an optional ax argument for each plotting function that lets you pass an axes object. If that happens, then the figure creation, plt.show(), and plt.close() parts aren't called. This allows you to use these functions with subplots or make additional formatting changes before showing it, or just save the figure to a file without showing it at all.
10. If I was writing a library, I would also make the face color a keyword argument with white being the default value.
11. I would probably abstract the scatterplot bits of scatterplot_fit and heatmap_scatterplot into a scatterplot function. With the ability mentioned above to pass an axes object to the plotting functions, your scatterplot_fit and heatmap_scatterplot would be able to create an axes, pass it to the scatterplot function for plotting the scatterplot, then do their additional stuff with the axes afterwards.
12. This code won't do anything when run as a script so it doesn't need a shebang.
13. I would document the first three functions.