indurate
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in·du·rate
(ĭn′də-rāt′, -dyə-)v. in·du·rat·ed, in·du·rat·ing, in·du·rates
v.tr.
1. To make hard; harden: soil that had been indurated by extremes of climate.
2. To inure, as to hardship or ridicule.
3. To make callous or obdurate: "It is the curse of revolutionary calamities to indurate the heart" (Helen Maria Williams).
v.intr.
1. To grow hard; harden.
2. To become firmly fixed or established.
adj. (ĭn′do͝o-rĭt, -dyə-)
Hardened; obstinate; unfeeling.
[Latin indūrāre, indūrāt- : in-, intensive pref.; see in-2 + dūrus, hard; see deru- in Indo-European roots.]
in′du·ra′tive adj.
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
indurate
vb
1. to make or become hard or callous
2. to make or become hardy
adj
hardened, callous, or unfeeling
[C16: from Latin indūrāre to make hard; see endure]
ˌinduˈration n
ˈinduˌrative adj
Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014
in•du•rate
(v. ˈɪn dʊˌreɪt, -dyʊ-; adj. ˈɪn dʊ rɪt, -dyʊ-; ɪnˈdʊər ɪt, -ˈdyʊər-)v. -rat•ed, -rat•ing,
adj. v.t.
1. to make hard; harden: Pressure and heat indurate the rock.
2. to make callous, stubborn, or unfeeling.
3. to inure; accustom.
4. to make enduring; establish.
v.i. 5. to become hard.
6. to become established.
adj. 7. hardened; unfeeling.
[1375–1425; late Middle English < Latin indūrāre to harden =in- in- 2 + dūrāre, v. derivative of dūrūs hard]
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved.
indurate
Past participle: indurated
Gerund: indurating
| Imperative |
|---|
| indurate |
| indurate |
| Present |
|---|
| I indurate |
| you indurate |
| he/she/it indurates |
| we indurate |
| you indurate |
| they indurate |
| Preterite |
|---|
| I indurated |
| you indurated |
| he/she/it indurated |
| we indurated |
| you indurated |
| they indurated |
| Present Continuous |
|---|
| I am indurating |
| you are indurating |
| he/she/it is indurating |
| we are indurating |
| you are indurating |
| they are indurating |
| Present Perfect |
|---|
| I have indurated |
| you have indurated |
| he/she/it has indurated |
| we have indurated |
| you have indurated |
| they have indurated |
| Past Continuous |
|---|
| I was indurating |
| you were indurating |
| he/she/it was indurating |
| we were indurating |
| you were indurating |
| they were indurating |
| Past Perfect |
|---|
| I had indurated |
| you had indurated |
| he/she/it had indurated |
| we had indurated |
| you had indurated |
| they had indurated |
| Future |
|---|
| I will indurate |
| you will indurate |
| he/she/it will indurate |
| we will indurate |
| you will indurate |
| they will indurate |
| Future Perfect |
|---|
| I will have indurated |
| you will have indurated |
| he/she/it will have indurated |
| we will have indurated |
| you will have indurated |
| they will have indurated |
| Future Continuous |
|---|
| I will be indurating |
| you will be indurating |
| he/she/it will be indurating |
| we will be indurating |
| you will be indurating |
| they will be indurating |
| Present Perfect Continuous |
|---|
| I have been indurating |
| you have been indurating |
| he/she/it has been indurating |
| we have been indurating |
| you have been indurating |
| they have been indurating |
| Future Perfect Continuous |
|---|
| I will have been indurating |
| you will have been indurating |
| he/she/it will have been indurating |
| we will have been indurating |
| you will have been indurating |
| they will have been indurating |
| Past Perfect Continuous |
|---|
| I had been indurating |
| you had been indurating |
| he/she/it had been indurating |
| we had been indurating |
| you had been indurating |
| they had been indurating |
| Conditional |
|---|
| I would indurate |
| you would indurate |
| he/she/it would indurate |
| we would indurate |
| you would indurate |
| they would indurate |
| Past Conditional |
|---|
| I would have indurated |
| you would have indurated |
| he/she/it would have indurated |
| we would have indurated |
| you would have indurated |
| they would have indurated |
Collins English Verb Tables © HarperCollins Publishers 2011
ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:
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Verb 1. indurate - become fixed or established; "indurated customs"
change - undergo a change; become different in essence; losing one's or its original nature; "She changed completely as she grew older"; "The weather changed last night"
2. indurate - make hard or harder; "The cold hardened the butter"
change - undergo a change; become different in essence; losing one's or its original nature; "She changed completely as she grew older"; "The weather changed last night"
face-harden - harden steel by adding carbon
callus - cause a callus to form on; "The long march had callused his feet"
3. indurate - become hard or harder; "The wax hardened"
change - undergo a change; become different in essence; losing one's or its original nature; "She changed completely as she grew older"; "The weather changed last night"
callus - form a callus or calluses; "His foot callused"
calcify - become impregnated with calcium salts
cure - make (substances) hard and improve their usability; "cure resin"; "cure cement"; "cure soap"
4. indurate - cause to accept or become hardened to; habituate; "He was inured to the cold"
brace oneself for, prepare for, steel oneself against, steel onself for - prepare mentally or emotionally for something unpleasant
Adj. 1. indurate - emotionally hardened; "a callous indifference to suffering"; "cold-blooded and indurate to public opinion"
insensitive - deficient in human sensibility; not mentally or morally sensitive; "insensitive to the needs of the patients"
Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc.
indurate
verb2. To make resistant to hardship, especially through continued exposure:
The American Heritage® Roget's Thesaurus. Copyright © 2013, 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.