Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Article
  • Published:

Special Issue: Current evidence and perspectives for hypertension management in Asia

Intensive or standard blood pressure control in patients with a history of ischemic stroke: RESPECT post hoc analysis

Hypertension Research volume 45, pages 591–601 (2022) Cite this article

A Comment to this article was published on 22 March 2022

Abstract

The Recurrent Stroke Prevention Clinical Outcome (RESPECT) Study and its pooled analysis showed that intensive blood pressure (BP) lowering reduced recurrent stroke risk by 22% in patients with a history of stroke. Here, we report the effect of intensive BP lowering on the risk of recurrent stroke subtypes in patients with a history of ischemic stroke. RESPECT was a randomized clinical trial among 1280 people with a history of cerebral infarction or intracerebral hemorrhage. Participants were assigned to the intensive blood pressure control group (blood pressure < 120/80 mmHg) or standard blood pressure control group (blood pressure < 140/90 mmHg). In this post hoc analysis, we analyzed 1074 patients with a history of cerebral infarction. The mean BP at baseline was 140.7/81.4 mmHg. Throughout the follow-up period, the mean BP was 133.4/77.5 (95% CI, 132.7–134.1/76.9–78.2) mmHg in the standard group and 126.7/74.1 (95% CI, 126.0–127.4/73.5–74.8) mmHg in the intensive group. During a mean follow-up of 3.9 years, 78 first recurrent strokes occurred. Intensive treatment tended to reduce overall annual stroke recurrence (1.74% in intensive vs. 2.17% in standard; P = 0.351 by log-rank test) and did not change the risk of ischemic stroke (1.74% vs. 1.75%, P = 0.999) but markedly reduced the risk of hemorrhagic stroke (0.00% vs. 0.39%, P = 0.005). Beneficial effects of intensive BP control were observed for the risk of hemorrhagic stroke in patients with a history of ischemic stroke. The findings of this study indicate the benefit of intensive BP control for patients with a history of ischemic stroke at high risk of hemorrhagic stroke.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

References

  1. PROGRESS Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6,105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Lancet. 2001;358:1033–41.

    Article Google Scholar

  2. Liu L, Wang Z, Gong L, Zhang Y, Thijs L, Staessen JA, et al. Blood pressure reduction for the secondary prevention of stroke: a Chinese trial and a systematic review of the literature. Hypertens Res. 2009;32:1032–40.

    Article Google Scholar

  3. Rashid P, Leonardi-Bee J, Bath P. Blood pressure reduction and secondary prevention of stroke and other vascular events: a systematic review. Stroke. 2003;34:2741–8.

    Article Google Scholar

  4. Katsanos AH, Filippatou A, Manios E, Deftereos S, Parissis J, Frogoudaki A, et al. Blood pressure reduction and secondary stroke prevention: a systematic review and metaregression analysis of randomized clinical trials. Hypertension. 2017;69:171–9.

    Article CAS Google Scholar

  5. SPS3 Study Group, Benavente OR, Coffey CS, Conwit R, Hart RG, McClure LA, Pearce LA, et al. Blood-pressure targets in patients with recent lacunar stroke: the SPS3 randomised trial. Lancet. 2013;382:507–15.

    Article Google Scholar

  6. Kitagawa K, Yamamoto Y, Arima H, Maeda T, Sunami N, Kanzawa T, et al. Effect of standard vs intensive blood pressure control on the risk of recurrent stroke: a randomized clinical trial and meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol. 2019;76:1309–18.

    Article Google Scholar

  7. Mant J, McManus RJ, Roalfe A, Fletcher K, Taylor CJ, Martin U, et al. Different systolic blood pressure targets for people with history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack: PAST-BP (Prevention After Stroke–Blood Pressure) randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2016;352:i708 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i708.

    Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

  8. Bath PM, Scutt P, Blackburn DJ, Blackburn DJ, Ankolekar S, Krishnan K, et al. Intensive versus guideline blood pressure and lipid lowering in patients with previous stroke: main results from the pilot ‘Prevention of Decline in Cognition after Stroke Trial’ (PODCAST) Randomised Controlled Trial. PLoS ONE. 2017;12:e0164608 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164608.

    Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

  9. Estol CJ, Bath PMW, Gorelick PB, Cotton D, Martin RH. Differences in ischemic and hemorrhagic recurrence rates among race-ethnic groups in the PRoFESS secondary stroke prevention trial. Int J Stroke. 2014;9(Suppl A100):43–7.

    Article Google Scholar

  10. Hoshino T, Sissani L, Labreuche J, Bousser MG, Chamorro A, Fisher M, et al. Non-cardioembolic stroke/transient ischaemic attack in Asians and non-Asians: a post-hoc analysis of the PERFORM study. Eur Stroke J. 2019;4:65–74.

    Article Google Scholar

  11. Mikulík R, Eckstein J, Pearce LA, Mundl H, Rudilosso S, Olavarría VV, et al. Frequency and predictors of major bleeding in patients with embolic strokes of undetermined source: NAVIGATE-ESUS trial. Stroke. 2020;51:2139–47.

    Article Google Scholar

  12. Arima H, Chalmers J, Woodward M, Anderson C, Rodgers A, Davis S, et al. Lower target blood pressures are safe and effective for the prevention of recurrent stroke: the PROGRESS trial. J Hypertens. 2006;24:1201–8.

    Article CAS Google Scholar

  13. Hilkens NA, Greving JP, Algra A, Klijn CJ. Blood pressure levels and the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage after ischemic stroke. Neurology. 2017;88:177–81.

    Article Google Scholar

  14. Huang WY, Saver JL, Wu YL, Lin CJ, Lee M, Ovbiagele B. Frequency of intracranial hemorrhage with low-dose aspirin in individuals without symptomatic cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol. 2019;76:906–14.

    Article Google Scholar

  15. Shen AY, Yao JF, Brar SS, Jorgensen MB, Chen W. Racial/ethnic differences in the risk of intracranial hemorrhage among patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50:309–15.

    Article Google Scholar

  16. Kuwashiro T, Yasaka M, Itabashi R, Nakagaki H, Miyashita F, Naritomi H, et al. Enlargement of acute intracerebral hematomas in patients on long-term warfarin treatment. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2010;29:446–53.

    Article CAS Google Scholar

  17. Jolink WMT, Wiegertjes K, Rinkel GJE, Algra A, de Leeuw FE, Klijn CJM. Location-specific risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurology. 2020;95:e1807–e1818.

    Article CAS Google Scholar

  18. Toyoda K, Yasaka M, Iwade K, Nagata K, Koretsune Y, Sakamoto T, et al. Bleeding with Antithrombotic Therapy (BAT) Study Group. Dual antithrombotic therapy increases severe bleeding events in patients with stroke and cardiovascular disease: a prospective, multicenter, observational study. Stroke. 2008;39:1740–5.

    Article Google Scholar

  19. Wilson D, Ambler G, Lee KJ, Lim JS, Shiozawa M, Koga M, et al. Cerebral microbleeds and stroke risk after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack: a pooled analysis of individual patient data from cohort studies. Lancet Neurol. 2019;18:653–65.

    Article Google Scholar

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors appreciate the contribution of all the investigators and other clinical and research staff involved in the trial. The authors thank Hiroko Usami PhD, chief secretary of RESPECT study group, for her efforts in data management and protocol and manuscript preparation.

for the Recurrent Stroke Prevention Clinical Outcome (RESPECT) Study Group

Chief Investigator Kazuyuki Shimada11, Writing Committee Kazuyuki Shimada12, Kazuo Kitagawa13, Yasumasa Yamamoto14, Hisatomi Arima15, Shinichiro Ueda16, Takahide Kohro17, Koji Yonemoto18, The Steering committee Kazuyuki Shimada19, Satoshi Umemura20, Yasushi Okada21, Genjiro Kimura22, Kazuaki Shimamoto23, Norio Tanahashi24, Jitsuo Higaki25, Masayasu Matsumoto26, The protocol committee Masayasu Matsumoto27, Sadayoshi Ito28, Shinichiro Ueda29, Yusuke Ohya30, Kazuo Kitagawa31, Yasumasa Yamamoto32, Hiromi Rakugi33, The endpoint committee Kazuo Minematsu34, Kazuomi Kario35, Yoshihiko Saito36, Yasuo Terayama37, Kazunori Toyoda38, Takafumi Okura39, Haruhiko Hoshino40, Hirofumi Makino41, Kazuo Eguchi42, Haruhito Uchida43, The Statistical analysis team Hisatomi Arima44, Takahide Khoro45, Koji Yonemoto46, The independent Data Monitoring Committee Shinichiro Uchiyama47, Hideki Etani48, Tatsuo Kohriyama49, Hidekazu Tomimoto50, Taku Yoshio51, Takao Saruta52, Shotai Kobayashi53, The data management center Hiroko Usami54, Hokkaido Satoshi Iihoshi55, Takeshi Mikami55, Nobuhiro Mikuni55, Kei Miyata55, Tomohiro Murakami55, Hideki Endo56, Takahito Fukui56, Kentaro Fumoto56, Keiji Hara56, Kaori Honjo56, Kenji Kamiyama56, Yusuke Kinoshita56, Masana Maeda56, Masaaki Mikamoto56, Daisuke Mori56, Takeo Murahashi56, Ryota Nomura56, Shusaku Noro56, Tatsuya Ogino56, Masahiro Okuma56, Yasuhumi Otake56, Koichiro Shindo56, Hironori Sugio56, Hidekazu Takada56, Kazuki Takahira56, Akiko Takeuchi56, Toshiichi Watanabe56, Yohei Yamaguchi56, Takeo Abumiya57, Kiyohiro Houkin57, Shigeki Matsumura58, Tomohiro Murakami58, Rikiya Shinohe59, Kiyomi Kuroshima60, Katsumi Takizawa60, Kazuto Yoshida60, Hideo Morimoto61, Naoyuki Hasebe62, Satoshi Koyama63, Junichi Maruyama63, Shinsuke Irie64, Aomori Prefecture Takahiro Nakano65, Yukari Ogasawara65, Hiroki Ohkuma65, Kazuo Shibanai66, Akita Prefecture Kentaro Hikichi67, Shinya Kobayashi67, Junta Moroi67, Taizen Nakase67, Takeshi Okada67, Daiki Takano67, Shunsuke Takenaka67, Shotaro Yoshioka67, Toshiharu Yanagisawa68, Yutaka Hirata69, Iwate Prefecture Shu Konno70, Tomohiko Sato71, Yamagata Prefecture Miiko Ito72, Rei Kondo72, Wataru Mori72, Shinjiro Saito72, Yasuaki Kokubo73, Miyagi Prefecture Hideaki Kato74, Hideki Oyama74, Kaneyuki Matsuo75, Masahiro Matsumoto76, Mari Nakamura76, Fukushima Prefecture Takayuki Koizumi77, Hiroyuki Sato77, Ibaraki Prefecture Yasushi Shibata78, Tochigi Prefecture Kazuo Eguchi79, Kazuomi Kario79, Masaaki Hashimoto80, Kazuo Eguchi80, Hideharu Kurita80, Eiji Matsumoto80, Gunma Prefecture Koji Ishiguro81, Ken Asakura82, Hiroya Fujimaki82, Kazuki Wakabayashi82, Kazunori Akaji83, Tomo Horikoshi83, Tadashige Kano83, Takao Kanzawa83, Takehiro Katano83, Hiroaki Kimura83, Ban Mihara83, Kentaro Suzuki83, Yohei Takayama83, Saitama Prefecture Akira Ishii84, Sin-ichi Momomura84, Hitoshi Sugawara84, Takeshi Yamashita84, Uichi Kaneko85, Toshie Takahashi85, Toshinari Arai86, Yoshihiro Tanaka87, Shigehisa Inokuma88, Yuji Kato89, Norio Tanahashi89, Chiba Prefecture Naoki Ishige90, kazuhiro Muramatsu91, Shigeru Nogawa91, Takahito Yoshizaki91, Takashi Ohashi92, Sumio Suda93, Tokyo, Yasuyuki Iguchi94, Hidetaka Mitsumura94, Tomohide Adachi95, Haruhiko Hoshino95, Fumie Konoeda95, Koichi Oki95, Ryota Tanaka96, Takao Urabe96, Kazuo Yamashiro96, Akihiro Ito97, Hirofumi Nakatomi97, Masaaki Shojima97, Kuniaki Otsuka98, Koichi Shibata98, Takato Abe99, Yoshiaki Itoh99, Koichi Oki99, Norihiro Suzuki99, Kazuo Kitagawa100, Sono Toi100, Tamio Teramoto101,Atsushi Fukunaga102, Yuki Kujuro102, Kouichi Ohta102, Takashi Osada102, Katuyoshi Shimizu102, Yasuhisa Kitagawa103, Kentaro Tokuoka103, Kanagawa Prefecture Masao Omura104, Hideyuki Kikyo105, Tomoya Kamide106, Yoshihisa Kitamura106, Katsuyoshi Miyashita106, Kentaro Mori106, Hiroshi Shima106, Akira Tamase106, Tsugio Akutsu107, Kazutoshi Nishiyama107, Shunya Takizawa108, Tsuyoshi Uesugi108, Nagano Prefecture Uichi Ikeda109, Megumi Koshikawa109, Saeko Yamasaki109, Atsushi Inoue110, Ishikawa Prefecture Yasuko Matsumoto111, Kazuyoshi Yamaguchi111, Genjirou Hirose112, Satoshi Kontani112, Kazuya Takasawa113, Niigata Prefecture Katsumi Hirahara114, Makoto Kodama115, Nobue Yagihara115, Shizuoka Prefecture Takashi Hata116, Makoto Hori116, Aichi Prefecture, Rokuhei Oda117, Ayuka Kubo118, Satoshi Okuda118, Kentaro Yamada119, Hiroki Takeuchi120, Yoshio Araki121, Mizuki Ito121, Joe Senda121, Toshihiko Wakabayashi121, Shinji Ito122, Tatsuro Mutoh122, Gifu Prefecture Yukinori Kawase123, Fumio Ando124, Mie Prefecture Shinya Okamoto125, Takuya Shimada126, Akihiro Shindo126, Masakatsu Nishikawa127, Atsushi Niwa127, Ryogen Sasaki127, Akihiro Shindo127, Hidekazu Tomimoto127, Hiroto Murata128, Kenichiro Yata129, Shiga Prefecture Koushun Matsuo130, Kyoto Hideo Yagi131, Toshiyuki Shiogai132, Yoshinari Nagakane133, Yasumasa Yamamoto133, Jun Fujinami134, Masanori Nakagawa134, Ryo Ohara134, Yasuhiro Tomii134, Yoshiki Arakawa135, Takeshi Funaki135, Masafumi Ihara135, Akihiro Kitamura135, Takakuni Maki135, Susumu Miyamoto135, Yoshifumi Nakaya135, Ryosuke Takahashi135, Yohei Takenobu135, Kazumichi Yoshida135, Tadashi Ino136, Nagako Murase137, Ryo Ohotani137, Yasuhiro Tomii138, Yasumasa Yamamoto138, Atsushi Kawashima139, Akiko Watanabe139, Yuko Hayashi140, Takuma Ohmichi140, Rei Yasuda140, Akira Yoshioka140, Natsuko Yuki140, Masahiro Makino141, Yasuhiro Tomii141, Tatsuyuki Yamaguchi141, Osaka, Jyo Matsuzaki142, Hitoshi Niki142, Shoichi Shiraishi142, Takehiko Yanagihara142, Keiichi Yamada143, Jun Hatate144, Kaori Miwa144, Shuhei Okazaki144, Shoji Arihiro145, Ryosuke Doijiri145, Kyoko Higashida145, Katsufumi Kajimoto145, Kotaro Miyashita145, Kazuyuki Nagatsuka145, Kozue Saito145, Yuri Sugiura145, Hotake Takizawa145, Takako Torii145, Kazunori Toyoda145, Chiaki Yokota145, Yoshinaga Kajimoto146, Toshihiko Kuroiwa146, Ryuzo Fukunaga147, Tsutomu Takahashi147, Kazutami Nakao148, Yuta Kajiyama149, Yasuyoshi Kimura149, Takashi Naka149, Hironori Otomune149, Takao Tanahashi149, Takuya Uehara149, Hiroyuki Hashimoto150, Toshihiko Uematsu150, Nara Prefecture, Kazuo Kataoka151, Satoshi Okayama152, Satoshi Somekawa152, Shuichi Yamada153, Rie Sasaki154, Shigeru Yamano154, Wakayama Prefecture Naoyuki Nakao155, Shinji Obayashi155, Hyogo Prefecture Hirotoshi Hamaguchi156, Tatsushi Toda156, Kazuo Washida156, Taku Hoshi157, Tomoyuki Kono157, Hiroaki Sekiya157, Norifumi Sugo157, Kenichi Todo157, Masaya Togo157, Hiroshi Yamagami157, Shiro Yamamoto157, Yoshihiko Shiro158, Norifumi Sugo158, Hirotoshi Hamaguchi159, Toshio Takaoka160, Shimane Prefecture Satoshi Abe161, Chizuko Hamada161, Masaki Ishihara161, Katuhiko Kadota161, Tomonori Nakagawa161, Hiroaki Oguro161, Hiroyuki Takayoshi161, Takuya Yamaguchi161, Shuuhei Yamaguchi161, Ryo Mizuhara162, Kazunori Okada162, Shingo Yamagata162, Kazunori Okada163, Akira Sasaki164, Okayama Prefecture Koji Abe165, Kentaro Deguchi165, Shoko Deguchi165, Yumiko Nakano165, Satoshi Hirai166, Masaaki Uno166, Kimihiko Yokosuka166, Yasuhiro Manabe167, Hiroshima Prefecture Hijiri Ito168, Shiro Aoki169, Naohisa Hosomi169, Yasuki Kihara169, Tomohiko Kisaka169, Hirofumi Maruyama169, Masayasu Matsumoto169, Hayato Araki170, Ryo Ogami170, Tsuyoshi Torii171, Noboru Yokoyama172, Takakazu Yokoyama172, Satoshi Kataoka173, Takeshi Kitamura173, Yamaguchi Prefecture Takashi Kanda174, Toshihiko Maeda174, Fumitaka Shimizu174, Kozaburo Seki175, Kagawa Prefecture Yuko Bando176, Masaki Ohara176, Kochi Prefecture Masahiro Yamasaki177, Noritaka Masahira178, Tetsuya Ueba178, Yusuke Ueba178, Ehime Prefecture Norio Sunami179, Yuichi Fujimoto180, Keiko Haro180, Hidenori Ogata180, Norihiko Shida180, Takeshi Matsumoto181, Kensho Okamoto181, Jitsuo Higaki182, Takafumi Okura182, Ryuichi Kawamoto183, Fukuoka Prefecture Shuji Arakawa184, Shoji Arihiro184, Hirofumi Shii185, Hidetoshi kanai185, Shigeru Fujimoto186, Juro Jinnouchi186, Takayuki Matsuki186, Masato Osaki186, Kimika Arakawa187, Ai Ibaraki187, Kanako Kiyohara187, Yuko Ohta187, Hideyuki Oniki187, Minako Sakaki187, Mitsuhiro Tominaga187, Takuya Tsuchihashi187, Saho Higashi188, Hiromi Ishikawa188, Koji Ishitsuka188, Jiro Kitayama188, Hiroshi Nakane188, Takeo Yoshimura189, Shunsuke Kakino190, Yoshirou Kaneko190, Kumamto Prefecture, Junnosuke Inoue191, Kagoshima Prefecture, Yoshikazu Maruyama192, Okinawa Prefecture, Katsunori Isa193, Yusuke Ohya193, Hirokuni Sakima193, Seigo Nakada194

Funding

The RESPECT study group was funded by Merck and Co. Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Towa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Omron Corporation.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan

    Kazuo Kitagawa

  2. Department of Prevented Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Jonan, Fukuoka, Japan

    Hisatomi Arima

  3. Department of Stroke Center, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Nishikyo, Kyoto, Japan

    Yasumasa Yamamoto

  4. Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nakagamigunn, Okinawa, Japan

    Shinichiro Ueda

  5. Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan

    Hiromi Rakugi

  6. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan

    Takahide Kohro

  7. Division of Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nakagamigunn, Okinawa, Japan

    Koji Yonemoto

  8. Ikeda City Hospital, Ikeda, Osaka, Japan

    Masayasu Matsumoto

  9. Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan

    Takao Saruta

  10. Cardiovascular Medicine, Shin-Oyama City Hospital, Oyama, Tochigi, Japan

    Kazuyuki Shimada

  11. Shin-Oyama City Hospital, Oyama, Tochigi, Japan

    Kazuyuki Shimada

  12. Shin-Oyama City Hospital, Oyama, Tochigi, Japan

    Kazuyuki Shimada

  13. Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan

    Kazuo Kitagawa

  14. Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Nishikyo, Kyoto, Japan

    Yasumasa Yamamoto

  15. Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Jyonan, Fukuoka, Japan

    Hisatomi Arima

  16. University of the Ryukyus School of Medicine, Nakagamigun, Okinawa, Japan

    Shinichiro Ueda

  17. Jichi Medical School, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan

    Takahide Kohro

  18. University of the Ryukyus Faculty of Medicine, Nakagamigun, Okinawa, Japan

    Koji Yonemoto

  19. Shin-Oyama City Hospital, Oyama, Tochigi, Japan

    Kazuyuki Shimada

  20. Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

    Satoshi Umemura

  21. National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Chuo, Fukuoka, Japan

    Yasushi Okada

  22. Cardio-renal and health research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan

    Genjiro Kimura

  23. Japan Health Care College, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

    Kazuaki Shimamoto

  24. Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan

    Norio Tanahashi

  25. Minami-Matsuyama Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan

    Jitsuo Higaki

  26. Sakai City Medical Center, Sakai, Osaka, Japan

    Masayasu Matsumoto

  27. Sakai City Medical Center, Sakai, Osaka, Japan

    Masayasu Matsumoto

  28. Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan

    Sadayoshi Ito

  29. University of the Ryukyus School of Medicine, Nakagamigun, Okinawa, Japan

    Shinichiro Ueda

  30. University of the Ryukyus Graduate School of Medicine, Nakagamigun, Okinawa, Japan

    Yusuke Ohya

  31. Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan

    Kazuo Kitagawa

  32. Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Nishikyo, Kyoto, Japan

    Yasumasa Yamamoto

  33. Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan

    Hiromi Rakugi

  34. General of the Hospital, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan

    Kazuo Minematsu

  35. Jichi Medical School, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan

    Kazuomi Kario

  36. Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan

    Yoshihiko Saito

  37. Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan

    Yasuo Terayama

  38. General of the Hospital, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan

    Kazunori Toyoda

  39. Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan

    Takafumi Okura

  40. Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Minato, Tokyo, Japan

    Haruhiko Hoshino

  41. Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan

    Hirofumi Makino

  42. Hanyu General Hospital, Hanyu, Saitama, Japan

    Kazuo Eguchi

  43. Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan

    Haruhito Uchida

  44. Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Jyonan, Fukuoka, Japan

    Hisatomi Arima

  45. Jichi Medical School, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan

    Takahide Khoro

  46. University of the Ryukyus Faculty of Medicine, Nakagamigun, Okinawa, Japan

    Koji Yonemoto

  47. International University of Health and Welfare, Minato, Tokyo, Japan

    Shinichiro Uchiyama

  48. OBP Clinic, Chuou, Osaka, Japan

    Hideki Etani

  49. Brain Attack Center Ota Memorial Hospital, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan

    Tatsuo Kohriyama

  50. Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan

    Hidekazu Tomimoto

  51. Jichi Medical University Hospital, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan

    Taku Yoshio

  52. Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan

    Takao Saruta

  53. Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan

    Shotai Kobayashi

  54. Nonprofit Organization Respect Study Group, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan

    Hiroko Usami

  55. Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

    Satoshi Iihoshi, Takeshi Mikami, Nobuhiro Mikuni, Kei Miyata & Tomohiro Murakami

  56. Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

    Hideki Endo, Takahito Fukui, Kentaro Fumoto, Keiji Hara, Kaori Honjo, Kenji Kamiyama, Yusuke Kinoshita, Masana Maeda, Masaaki Mikamoto, Daisuke Mori, Takeo Murahashi, Ryota Nomura, Shusaku Noro, Tatsuya Ogino, Masahiro Okuma, Yasuhumi Otake, Koichiro Shindo, Hironori Sugio, Hidekazu Takada, Kazuki Takahira, Akiko Takeuchi, Toshiichi Watanabe & Yohei Yamaguchi

  57. Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

    Takeo Abumiya & Kiyohiro Houkin

  58. Sapporo Miyanosawa Neurosurgical Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

    Shigeki Matsumura & Tomohiro Murakami

  59. Ebetsu City Hospital, Ebetu, Hokkaido, Japan

    Rikiya Shinohe

  60. Japanese Red Cross Asahikawa Hospital, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan

    Kiyomi Kuroshima, Katsumi Takizawa & Kazuto Yoshida

  61. Fukagawa Municipal Hospital, Fukagawa, Hokkaido, Japan

    Hideo Morimoto

  62. Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan

    Naoyuki Hasebe

  63. Asahikawa Rehabilitation Hospital, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan

    Satoshi Koyama & Junichi Maruyama

  64. Kushiro Neurosurgical Clinic, Kushiro, Hokkaido, Japan

    Shinsuke Irie

  65. Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan

    Takahiro Nakano, Yukari Ogasawara & Hiroki Ohkuma

  66. Hachinohe JRC Hospital, Hachinohe, Aomori, Japan

    Kazuo Shibanai

  67. Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels-Akita, Akita, Japan

    Kentaro Hikichi, Shinya Kobayashi, Junta Moroi, Taizen Nakase, Takeshi Okada, Daiki Takano, Shunsuke Takenaka & Shotaro Yoshioka

  68. Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan

    Toshiharu Yanagisawa

  69. Kita-Akita Municipal Hospital, Kita-Akita, Akita, Japan

    Yutaka Hirata

  70. Matuzono Second Hospital, Morioka, Iwate, Japan

    Shu Konno

  71. National Hospital Organization, Iwate hospital, Ichinoseki, Iwate, Japan

    Tomohiko Sato

  72. Yamagata City Hospital SAISEIKAN, Yamagata, Japan

    Miiko Ito, Rei Kondo, Wataru Mori & Shinjiro Saito

  73. Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan

    Yasuaki Kokubo

  74. Senseki Hospital, Higashi-Matsushima, Miyagi, Japan

    Hideaki Kato & Hideki Oyama

  75. Matsuo Kenko Clinic, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan

    Kaneyuki Matsuo

  76. Tohoku Rosai Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan

    Masahiro Matsumoto & Mari Nakamura

  77. Takeda General Hospital, Aizuwakamatsu, Fukushima, Japan

    Takayuki Koizumi & Hiroyuki Sato

  78. Mito Kyodo General Hospital, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan

    Yasushi Shibata

  79. Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan

    Kazuo Eguchi & Kazuomi Kario

  80. IUHW Hospital, Shiobara, Tochigi, Japan

    Masaaki Hashimoto, Kazuo Eguchi, Hideharu Kurita & Eiji Matsumoto

  81. Takasaki General Medical Center, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan

    Koji Ishiguro

  82. Maebashi Red Cross Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan

    Ken Asakura, Hiroya Fujimaki & Kazuki Wakabayashi

  83. Institute of Brain and Blood Vessel Mihara Memorial Hospital, Isesaki, Gunma, Japan

    Kazunori Akaji, Tomo Horikoshi, Tadashige Kano, Takao Kanzawa, Takehiro Katano, Hiroaki Kimura, Ban Mihara, Kentaro Suzuki & Yohei Takayama

  84. Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan

    Akira Ishii, Sin-ichi Momomura, Hitoshi Sugawara & Takeshi Yamashita

  85. Saitama Red Cross Hospital, Saitama, Japan

    Uichi Kaneko & Toshie Takahashi

  86. Soka Municipal Hospital, Soka, Saitama, Japan

    Toshinari Arai

  87. Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan

    Yoshihiro Tanaka

  88. Inokuma Clinic, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan

    Shigehisa Inokuma

  89. Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan

    Yuji Kato & Norio Tanahashi

  90. National Hospital Organization Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, Japan

    Naoki Ishige

  91. Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan

    kazuhiro Muramatsu, Shigeru Nogawa & Takahito Yoshizaki

  92. Tokyo Women’s Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center, Yachiyo, Chiba, Japan

    Takashi Ohashi

  93. Kimitsu Chuo Hospital, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan

    Sumio Suda

  94. The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato, Tokyo, Japan

    Yasuyuki Iguchi & Hidetaka Mitsumura

  95. Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Minato, Tokyo, Japan

    Tomohide Adachi, Haruhiko Hoshino, Fumie Konoeda & Koichi Oki

  96. Juntendo University Hospital, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Ryota Tanaka, Takao Urabe & Kazuo Yamashiro

  97. The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Akihiro Ito, Hirofumi Nakatomi & Masaaki Shojima

  98. Tokyo Women’s Medical University Medical Center East, Arakawa, Tokyo, Japan

    Kuniaki Otsuka & Koichi Shibata

  99. Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan

    Takato Abe, Yoshiaki Itoh, Koichi Oki & Norihiro Suzuki

  100. Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan

    Kazuo Kitagawa & Sono Toi

  101. Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan

    Tamio Teramoto

  102. Tachikawa Hospital, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan

    Atsushi Fukunaga, Yuki Kujuro, Kouichi Ohta, Takashi Osada & Katuyoshi Shimizu

  103. Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan

    Yasuhisa Kitagawa & Kentaro Tokuoka

  104. Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

    Masao Omura

  105. Yokohama public medical center for Stroke and Neurology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

    Hideyuki Kikyo

  106. Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

    Tomoya Kamide, Yoshihisa Kitamura, Katsuyoshi Miyashita, Kentaro Mori, Hiroshi Shima & Akira Tamase

  107. Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan

    Tsugio Akutsu & Kazutoshi Nishiyama

  108. Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan

    Shunya Takizawa & Tsuyoshi Uesugi

  109. Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan

    Uichi Ikeda, Megumi Koshikawa & Saeko Yamasaki

  110. Nagano Prefectural Kiso Hospital, Kisofukushima, Nagano, Japan

    Atsushi Inoue

  111. Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan

    Yasuko Matsumoto & Kazuyoshi Yamaguchi

  112. Asanogawa General Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan

    Genjirou Hirose & Satoshi Kontani

  113. Public Central Hospital of Matto Ishikawa, Hakusan, Ishikawa, Japan

    Kazuya Takasawa

  114. Hirahara Naika Clinic, Jouetsu, Niigata, Japan

    Katsumi Hirahara

  115. Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan

    Makoto Kodama & Nobue Yagihara

  116. Shizuoka City Shimizu Hospital, Shimizu, Shizuoka, Japan

    Takashi Hata & Makoto Hori

  117. Nishio Municipal Hospital, Nishio, Aichi, Japan

    Rokuhei Oda

  118. National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan

    Ayuka Kubo & Satoshi Okuda

  119. Nagoya City East Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan

    Kentaro Yamada

  120. Higashi Nagoya National Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan

    Hiroki Takeuchi

  121. Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan

    Yoshio Araki, Mizuki Ito, Joe Senda & Toshihiko Wakabayashi

  122. Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan

    Shinji Ito & Tatsuro Mutoh

  123. Hashimoto Clinic, Gifu, Japan

    Yukinori Kawase

  124. Ando Clinic, Kani, Gifu, Japan

    Fumio Ando

  125. Iwasaki Hospital, Tsu, Mie, Japan

    Shinya Okamoto

  126. Sakakibara Onsen Hospital, Tsu, Mie, Japan

    Takuya Shimada & Akihiro Shindo

  127. Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan

    Masakatsu Nishikawa, Atsushi Niwa, Ryogen Sasaki, Akihiro Shindo & Hidekazu Tomimoto

  128. Saiseikai Matsusaka General Hospital, Matsusaka, Mie, Japan

    Hiroto Murata

  129. Suzuka Kaisei Hospital, Suzuka, Mie, Japan

    Kenichiro Yata

  130. Omihachiman Community Medical Center, Omihachiman, Shiga, Japan

    Koushun Matsuo

  131. Koseikai Takeda Hospital, Shimogyo, Kyoto, Japan

    Hideo Yagi

  132. Kyoto Takeda Hospital, Shimogyo, Kyoto, Japan

    Toshiyuki Shiogai

  133. Kyoto Second Red Cross Hospital, Kamigyo, Kyoto, Japan

    Yoshinari Nagakane & Yasumasa Yamamoto

  134. Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo, Kyoto, Japan

    Jun Fujinami, Masanori Nakagawa, Ryo Ohara & Yasuhiro Tomii

  135. Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan

    Yoshiki Arakawa, Takeshi Funaki, Masafumi Ihara, Akihiro Kitamura, Takakuni Maki, Susumu Miyamoto, Yoshifumi Nakaya, Ryosuke Takahashi, Yohei Takenobu & Kazumichi Yoshida

  136. Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, Yamashina, Kyoto, Japan

    Tadashi Ino

  137. National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Fushimi, Kyoto, Japan

    Nagako Murase & Ryo Ohotani

  138. Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Nishikyo, Kyoto, Japan

    Yasuhiro Tomii & Yasumasa Yamamoto

  139. Fukuchiyama City Hospital, Fukuchiyama, Kyoto, Japan

    Atsushi Kawashima & Akiko Watanabe

  140. National Hospital Organization Maizuru Medical Center, Maizuru, Kyoto, Japan

    Yuko Hayashi, Takuma Ohmichi, Rei Yasuda, Akira Yoshioka & Natsuko Yuki

  141. Kyoto Chubu Medical Center, Nantan, Kyoto, Japan

    Masahiro Makino, Yasuhiro Tomii & Tatsuyuki Yamaguchi

  142. Tane General Hospital, Nishi, Osaka, Japan

    Jyo Matsuzaki, Hitoshi Niki, Shoichi Shiraishi & Takehiko Yanagihara

  143. Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Fukushima, Osaka, Japan

    Keiichi Yamada

  144. Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan

    Jun Hatate, Kaori Miwa & Shuhei Okazaki

  145. General of the Hospital, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan

    Shoji Arihiro, Ryosuke Doijiri, Kyoko Higashida, Katsufumi Kajimoto, Kotaro Miyashita, Kazuyuki Nagatsuka, Kozue Saito, Yuri Sugiura, Hotake Takizawa, Takako Torii, Kazunori Toyoda & Chiaki Yokota

  146. Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan

    Yoshinaga Kajimoto & Toshihiko Kuroiwa

  147. JCHO Hoshigaoka Medical Center, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan

    Ryuzo Fukunaga & Tsutomu Takahashi

  148. Kawachi General Hospital, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan

    Kazutami Nakao

  149. Higashiosaka City Medical Center, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan

    Yuta Kajiyama, Yasuyoshi Kimura, Takashi Naka, Hironori Otomune, Takao Tanahashi & Takuya Uehara

  150. Osaka Rosai Hospital, Sakai, Osaka, Japan

    Hiroyuki Hashimoto & Toshihiko Uematsu

  151. Kinki University Nara Hospital, Ikoma, Nara, Japan

    Kazuo Kataoka

  152. Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan

    Satoshi Okayama & Satoshi Somekawa

  153. Oyodo Town Hospital, Ikoma, Nara, Japan

    Shuichi Yamada

  154. Nara Prefecture General Rehabilitation Center, Shikigun, Nara, Japan

    Rie Sasaki & Shigeru Yamano

  155. Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan

    Naoyuki Nakao & Shinji Obayashi

  156. Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan

    Hirotoshi Hamaguchi, Tatsushi Toda & Kazuo Washida

  157. Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan

    Taku Hoshi, Tomoyuki Kono, Hiroaki Sekiya, Norifumi Sugo, Kenichi Todo, Masaya Togo, Hiroshi Yamagami & Shiro Yamamoto

  158. Kobe City Medical Center West Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan

    Yoshihiko Shiro & Norifumi Sugo

  159. Kita-Harima Medical Center, Ono, Hyogo, Japan

    Hirotoshi Hamaguchi

  160. Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan

    Toshio Takaoka

  161. Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan

    Satoshi Abe, Chizuko Hamada, Masaki Ishihara, Katuhiko Kadota, Tomonori Nakagawa, Hiroaki Oguro, Hiroyuki Takayoshi, Takuya Yamaguchi & Shuuhei Yamaguchi

  162. Ohda Municipal Hospital, Ohda, Shimane, Japan

    Ryo Mizuhara, Kazunori Okada & Shingo Yamagata

  163. Ohda Silver Clinic, Ohda, Shimane, Japan

    Kazunori Okada

  164. JCHO Tamatsukuri Hospital, Matsue, Shimane, Japan

    Akira Sasaki

  165. Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan

    Koji Abe, Kentaro Deguchi, Shoko Deguchi & Yumiko Nakano

  166. Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan

    Satoshi Hirai, Masaaki Uno & Kimihiko Yokosuka

  167. National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center, Kita, Okayama, Japan

    Yasuhiro Manabe

  168. Vihara Hananosato Hospital, Miyoshi, Hiroshima, Japan

    Hijiri Ito

  169. Hiroshima University Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima, Japan

    Shiro Aoki, Naohisa Hosomi, Yasuki Kihara, Tomohiko Kisaka, Hirofumi Maruyama & Masayasu Matsumoto

  170. mazda hospital, Akigun, Hiroshima, Japan

    Hayato Araki & Ryo Ogami

  171. National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure, Hiroshima, Japan

    Tsuyoshi Torii

  172. Yokoyama Hospital, Kure, Hiroshima, Japan

    Noboru Yokoyama & Takakazu Yokoyama

  173. Chugoku Rosai Hospital, Kure, Hiroshima, Japan

    Satoshi Kataoka & Takeshi Kitamura

  174. Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan

    Takashi Kanda, Toshihiko Maeda & Fumitaka Shimizu

  175. Yamaguchi Rosai Hospital, Sanyoonoda, Yamaguchi, Japan

    Kozaburo Seki

  176. Ayagawa National Health Insurance SUE hospital, Ayautagun, Kagawa, Japan

    Yuko Bando & Masaki Ohara

  177. Chikamori Hospital, Okawasuji, Kochi, Japan

    Masahiro Yamasaki

  178. Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan

    Noritaka Masahira, Tetsuya Ueba & Yusuke Ueba

  179. Matsuyama Shimin Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan

    Norio Sunami

  180. Matsuyama Red Cross Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan

    Yuichi Fujimoto, Keiko Haro, Hidenori Ogata & Norihiko Shida

  181. Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan

    Takeshi Matsumoto & Kensho Okamoto

  182. Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan

    Jitsuo Higaki & Takafumi Okura

  183. Seiyo Municipal Nomura Hospital, Seiyo, Ehime, Japan

    Ryuichi Kawamoto

  184. Kyushu Rosai Hospital, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan

    Shuji Arakawa & Shoji Arihiro

  185. Kokura Kinen Hospital, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan

    Hirofumi Shii & Hidetoshi kanai

  186. STEEL MEMORIAL YAWATA HOSPITAL, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan

    Shigeru Fujimoto, Juro Jinnouchi, Takayuki Matsuki & Masato Osaki

  187. National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Chuo, Fukuoka, Japan

    Kimika Arakawa, Ai Ibaraki, Kanako Kiyohara, Yuko Ohta, Hideyuki Oniki, Minako Sakaki, Mitsuhiro Tominaga & Takuya Tsuchihashi

  188. National Hospital Organization Fukuoka Higashi Medical Center, Koga, Fukuoka, Japan

    Saho Higashi, Hiromi Ishikawa, Koji Ishitsuka, Jiro Kitayama & Hiroshi Nakane

  189. Fukuoka City Hospital, Hakata, Fukuoka, Japan

    Takeo Yoshimura

  190. Fukuoka Tokushukai Medical Center, Kasuga, Fukuoka, Japan

    Shunsuke Kakino & Yoshirou Kaneko

  191. Kumamoto Jikei Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan

    Junnosuke Inoue

  192. Imakiire General Hospital, Shimotatuo, Kagoshima, Japan

    Yoshikazu Maruyama

  193. University of the Ryukyus Graduate School of Medicine, Nakagamigun, Okinawa, Japan

    Katsunori Isa, Yusuke Ohya & Hirokuni Sakima

  194. Chibana Clinic, Chibana, Okinawa, Japan

    Seigo Nakada

Authors
  1. Kazuo Kitagawa
  2. Hisatomi Arima
  3. Yasumasa Yamamoto
  4. Shinichiro Ueda
  5. Hiromi Rakugi
  6. Takahide Kohro
  7. Koji Yonemoto
  8. Masayasu Matsumoto
  9. Takao Saruta
  10. Kazuyuki Shimada

Consortia

for the Recurrent Stroke Prevention Clinical Outcome (RESPECT) Study Group

  • Chief Investigator

    • Kazuyuki Shimada

  • Writing Committee

    • Kazuyuki Shimada
    • , Kazuo Kitagawa
    • , Yasumasa Yamamoto
    • , Hisatomi Arima
    • , Shinichiro Ueda
    • , Takahide Kohro
    • & Koji Yonemoto

  • The Steering committee

    • Kazuyuki Shimada
    • , Satoshi Umemura
    • , Yasushi Okada
    • , Genjiro Kimura
    • , Kazuaki Shimamoto
    • , Norio Tanahashi
    • , Jitsuo Higaki
    • & Masayasu Matsumoto

  • The protocol committee

    • Masayasu Matsumoto
    • , Sadayoshi Ito
    • , Shinichiro Ueda
    • , Yusuke Ohya
    • , Kazuo Kitagawa
    • , Yasumasa Yamamoto
    • & Hiromi Rakugi

  • The endpoint committee

    • Kazuo Minematsu
    • , Kazuomi Kario
    • , Yoshihiko Saito
    • , Yasuo Terayama
    • , Kazunori Toyoda
    • , Takafumi Okura
    • , Haruhiko Hoshino
    • , Hirofumi Makino
    • , Kazuo Eguchi
    • & Haruhito Uchida

  • The Statistical analysis team

    • Hisatomi Arima
    • , Takahide Khoro
    • & Koji Yonemoto

  • The independent Data Monitoring Committee

    • Shinichiro Uchiyama
    • , Hideki Etani
    • , Tatsuo Kohriyama
    • , Hidekazu Tomimoto
    • , Taku Yoshio
    • , Takao Saruta
    • & Shotai Kobayashi

  • The data management center

    • Hiroko Usami

  • Hokkaido

    • Satoshi Iihoshi
    • , Takeshi Mikami
    • , Nobuhiro Mikuni
    • , Kei Miyata
    • , Tomohiro Murakami
    • , Hideki Endo
    • , Takahito Fukui
    • , Kentaro Fumoto
    • , Keiji Hara
    • , Kaori Honjo
    • , Kenji Kamiyama
    • , Yusuke Kinoshita
    • , Masana Maeda
    • , Masaaki Mikamoto
    • , Daisuke Mori
    • , Takeo Murahashi
    • , Ryota Nomura
    • , Shusaku Noro
    • , Tatsuya Ogino
    • , Masahiro Okuma
    • , Yasuhumi Otake
    • , Koichiro Shindo
    • , Hironori Sugio
    • , Hidekazu Takada
    • , Kazuki Takahira
    • , Akiko Takeuchi
    • , Toshiichi Watanabe
    • , Yohei Yamaguchi
    • , Takeo Abumiya
    • , Kiyohiro Houkin
    • , Shigeki Matsumura
    • , Tomohiro Murakami
    • , Rikiya Shinohe
    • , Kiyomi Kuroshima
    • , Katsumi Takizawa
    • , Kazuto Yoshida
    • , Hideo Morimoto
    • , Naoyuki Hasebe
    • , Satoshi Koyama
    • , Junichi Maruyama
    • & Shinsuke Irie

  • Aomori Prefecture

    • Takahiro Nakano
    • , Yukari Ogasawara
    • , Hiroki Ohkuma
    • & Kazuo Shibanai

  • Akita Prefecture

    • Kentaro Hikichi
    • , Shinya Kobayashi
    • , Junta Moroi
    • , Taizen Nakase
    • , Takeshi Okada
    • , Daiki Takano
    • , Shunsuke Takenaka
    • , Shotaro Yoshioka
    • , Toshiharu Yanagisawa
    • & Yutaka Hirata

  • Iwate Prefecture

    • Shu Konno
    • & Tomohiko Sato

  • Yamagata Prefecture

    • Miiko Ito
    • , Rei Kondo
    • , Wataru Mori
    • , Shinjiro Saito
    • & Yasuaki Kokubo

  • Miyagi Prefecture

    • Hideaki Kato
    • , Hideki Oyama
    • , Kaneyuki Matsuo
    • , Masahiro Matsumoto
    • & Mari Nakamura

  • Fukushima Prefecture

    • Takayuki Koizumi
    • & Hiroyuki Sato

  • Ibaraki Prefecture

    • Yasushi Shibata

  • Tochigi Prefecture

    • Kazuo Eguchi
    • , Kazuomi Kario
    • , Masaaki Hashimoto
    • , Kazuo Eguchi
    • , Hideharu Kurita
    • & Eiji Matsumoto

  • Gunma Prefecture

    • Koji Ishiguro
    • , Ken Asakura
    • , Hiroya Fujimaki
    • , Kazuki Wakabayashi
    • , Kazunori Akaji
    • , Tomo Horikoshi
    • , Tadashige Kano
    • , Takao Kanzawa
    • , Takehiro Katano
    • , Hiroaki Kimura
    • , Ban Mihara
    • , Kentaro Suzuki
    • & Yohei Takayama

  • Saitama Prefecture

    • Akira Ishii
    • , Sin-ichi Momomura
    • , Hitoshi Sugawara
    • , Takeshi Yamashita
    • , Uichi Kaneko
    • , Toshie Takahashi
    • , Toshinari Arai
    • , Yoshihiro Tanaka
    • , Shigehisa Inokuma
    • , Yuji Kato
    • & Norio Tanahashi

  • Chiba Prefecture

    • Naoki Ishige
    • , kazuhiro Muramatsu
    • , Shigeru Nogawa
    • , Takahito Yoshizaki
    • , Takashi Ohashi
    • , Sumio Suda
    • , Tokyo
    • , Yasuyuki Iguchi
    • , Hidetaka Mitsumura
    • , Tomohide Adachi
    • , Haruhiko Hoshino
    • , Fumie Konoeda
    • , Koichi Oki
    • , Ryota Tanaka
    • , Takao Urabe
    • , Kazuo Yamashiro
    • , Akihiro Ito
    • , Hirofumi Nakatomi
    • , Masaaki Shojima
    • , Kuniaki Otsuka
    • , Koichi Shibata
    • , Takato Abe
    • , Yoshiaki Itoh
    • , Koichi Oki
    • , Norihiro Suzuki
    • , Kazuo Kitagawa
    • , Sono Toi
    • , Tamio Teramoto
    • , Atsushi Fukunaga
    • , Yuki Kujuro
    • , Kouichi Ohta
    • , Takashi Osada
    • , Katuyoshi Shimizu
    • , Yasuhisa Kitagawa
    • & Kentaro Tokuoka

  • Kanagawa Prefecture

    • Masao Omura
    • , Hideyuki Kikyo
    • , Tomoya Kamide
    • , Yoshihisa Kitamura
    • , Katsuyoshi Miyashita
    • , Kentaro Mori
    • , Hiroshi Shima
    • , Akira Tamase
    • , Tsugio Akutsu
    • , Kazutoshi Nishiyama
    • , Shunya Takizawa
    • & Tsuyoshi Uesugi

  • Nagano Prefecture

    • Uichi Ikeda
    • , Megumi Koshikawa
    • , Saeko Yamasaki
    • & Atsushi Inoue

  • Ishikawa Prefecture

    • Yasuko Matsumoto
    • , Kazuyoshi Yamaguchi
    • , Genjirou Hirose
    • , Satoshi Kontani
    • & Kazuya Takasawa

  • Niigata Prefecture

    • Katsumi Hirahara
    • , Makoto Kodama
    • & Nobue Yagihara

  • Shizuoka Prefecture

    • Takashi Hata
    • & Makoto Hori

  • Aichi Prefecture

    • Rokuhei Oda
    • , Ayuka Kubo
    • , Satoshi Okuda
    • , Kentaro Yamada
    • , Hiroki Takeuchi
    • , Yoshio Araki
    • , Mizuki Ito
    • , Joe Senda
    • , Toshihiko Wakabayashi
    • , Shinji Ito
    • & Tatsuro Mutoh

  • Gifu Prefecture

    • Yukinori Kawase
    • & Fumio Ando

  • Mie Prefecture

    • Shinya Okamoto
    • , Takuya Shimada
    • , Akihiro Shindo
    • , Masakatsu Nishikawa
    • , Atsushi Niwa
    • , Ryogen Sasaki
    • , Akihiro Shindo
    • , Hidekazu Tomimoto
    • , Hiroto Murata
    • & Kenichiro Yata

  • Shiga Prefecture

    • Koushun Matsuo

  • Kyoto

    • Hideo Yagi
    • , Toshiyuki Shiogai
    • , Yoshinari Nagakane
    • , Yasumasa Yamamoto
    • , Jun Fujinami
    • , Masanori Nakagawa
    • , Ryo Ohara
    • , Yasuhiro Tomii
    • , Yoshiki Arakawa
    • , Takeshi Funaki
    • , Masafumi Ihara
    • , Akihiro Kitamura
    • , Takakuni Maki
    • , Susumu Miyamoto
    • , Yoshifumi Nakaya
    • , Ryosuke Takahashi
    • , Yohei Takenobu
    • , Kazumichi Yoshida
    • , Tadashi Ino
    • , Nagako Murase
    • , Ryo Ohotani
    • , Yasuhiro Tomii
    • , Yasumasa Yamamoto
    • , Atsushi Kawashima
    • , Akiko Watanabe
    • , Yuko Hayashi
    • , Takuma Ohmichi
    • , Rei Yasuda
    • , Akira Yoshioka
    • , Natsuko Yuki
    • , Masahiro Makino
    • , Yasuhiro Tomii
    • & Tatsuyuki Yamaguchi

  • Osaka

    • Jyo Matsuzaki
    • , Hitoshi Niki
    • , Shoichi Shiraishi
    • , Takehiko Yanagihara
    • , Keiichi Yamada
    • , Jun Hatate
    • , Kaori Miwa
    • , Shuhei Okazaki
    • , Shoji Arihiro
    • , Ryosuke Doijiri
    • , Kyoko Higashida
    • , Katsufumi Kajimoto
    • , Kotaro Miyashita
    • , Kazuyuki Nagatsuka
    • , Kozue Saito
    • , Yuri Sugiura
    • , Hotake Takizawa
    • , Takako Torii
    • , Kazunori Toyoda
    • , Chiaki Yokota
    • , Yoshinaga Kajimoto
    • , Toshihiko Kuroiwa
    • , Ryuzo Fukunaga
    • , Tsutomu Takahashi
    • , Kazutami Nakao
    • , Yuta Kajiyama
    • , Yasuyoshi Kimura
    • , Takashi Naka
    • , Hironori Otomune
    • , Takao Tanahashi
    • , Takuya Uehara
    • , Hiroyuki Hashimoto
    • & Toshihiko Uematsu

  • Nara Prefecture

    • Kazuo Kataoka
    • , Satoshi Okayama
    • , Satoshi Somekawa
    • , Shuichi Yamada
    • , Rie Sasaki
    • & Shigeru Yamano

  • Wakayama Prefecture

    • Naoyuki Nakao
    • & Shinji Obayashi

  • Hyogo Prefecture

    • Hirotoshi Hamaguchi
    • , Tatsushi Toda
    • , Kazuo Washida
    • , Taku Hoshi
    • , Tomoyuki Kono
    • , Hiroaki Sekiya
    • , Norifumi Sugo
    • , Kenichi Todo
    • , Masaya Togo
    • , Hiroshi Yamagami
    • , Shiro Yamamoto
    • , Yoshihiko Shiro
    • , Norifumi Sugo
    • , Hirotoshi Hamaguchi
    • & Toshio Takaoka

  • Shimane Prefecture

    • Satoshi Abe
    • , Chizuko Hamada
    • , Masaki Ishihara
    • , Katuhiko Kadota
    • , Tomonori Nakagawa
    • , Hiroaki Oguro
    • , Hiroyuki Takayoshi
    • , Takuya Yamaguchi
    • , Shuuhei Yamaguchi
    • , Ryo Mizuhara
    • , Kazunori Okada
    • , Shingo Yamagata
    • , Kazunori Okada
    • & Akira Sasaki

  • Okayama Prefecture

    • Koji Abe
    • , Kentaro Deguchi
    • , Shoko Deguchi
    • , Yumiko Nakano
    • , Satoshi Hirai
    • , Masaaki Uno
    • , Kimihiko Yokosuka
    • & Yasuhiro Manabe

  • Hiroshima Prefecture

    • Hijiri Ito
    • , Shiro Aoki
    • , Naohisa Hosomi
    • , Yasuki Kihara
    • , Tomohiko Kisaka
    • , Hirofumi Maruyama
    • , Masayasu Matsumoto
    • , Hayato Araki
    • , Ryo Ogami
    • , Tsuyoshi Torii
    • , Noboru Yokoyama
    • , Takakazu Yokoyama
    • , Satoshi Kataoka
    • & Takeshi Kitamura

  • Yamaguchi Prefecture

    • Takashi Kanda
    • , Toshihiko Maeda
    • , Fumitaka Shimizu
    • & Kozaburo Seki

  • Kagawa Prefecture

    • Yuko Bando
    • & Masaki Ohara

  • Kochi Prefecture

    • Masahiro Yamasaki
    • , Noritaka Masahira
    • , Tetsuya Ueba
    • & Yusuke Ueba

  • Ehime Prefecture

    • Norio Sunami
    • , Yuichi Fujimoto
    • , Keiko Haro
    • , Hidenori Ogata
    • , Norihiko Shida
    • , Takeshi Matsumoto
    • , Kensho Okamoto
    • , Jitsuo Higaki
    • , Takafumi Okura
    • & Ryuichi Kawamoto

  • Fukuoka Prefecture

    • Shuji Arakawa
    • , Shoji Arihiro
    • , Hirofumi Shii
    • , Hidetoshi kanai
    • , Shigeru Fujimoto
    • , Juro Jinnouchi
    • , Takayuki Matsuki
    • , Masato Osaki
    • , Kimika Arakawa
    • , Ai Ibaraki
    • , Kanako Kiyohara
    • , Yuko Ohta
    • , Hideyuki Oniki
    • , Minako Sakaki
    • , Mitsuhiro Tominaga
    • , Takuya Tsuchihashi
    • , Saho Higashi
    • , Hiromi Ishikawa
    • , Koji Ishitsuka
    • , Jiro Kitayama
    • , Hiroshi Nakane
    • , Takeo Yoshimura
    • , Shunsuke Kakino
    • & Yoshirou Kaneko

  • Kumamto Prefecture

    • Junnosuke Inoue

  • Kagoshima Prefecture

    • Yoshikazu Maruyama

  • Okinawa Prefecture

    • Katsunori Isa
    • , Yusuke Ohya
    • , Hirokuni Sakima
    • & Seigo Nakada

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kazuo Kitagawa.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

KK reports grants and personal fees from Daiichi Sankyo, grants and personal fees from Bayer Inc., grants and personal fees from Takeda Pharmaceutical, grants and personal fees from Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, grants and personal fees from Kyowa Kirin, grants and personal fees from Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, grants and personal fees from Astellas Pharma, and grants and personal fees from Sanofi, outside the submitted work; HA reports research grants from Daiichi Sankyo, Takeda and Eisai, personal fees from Kyowa Kirin and nonfinancial research support from Phillips, outside the submitted work; YY has nothing to disclose; Ueda reports grants from Kowa, grants from Bayer, grants from Bristol Myers Squibb, personal fees from Tiho, personal fees from Kowa, personal fees from Dainippon Sumitomo, personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, grants from Pfizer, and grants from Daiichi Sankyo, outside the submitted work; HR reports grants and personal fees from MSD, during the conduct of the study, grants and personal fees from Daiichi Sankyo and Takeda Pharmaceutical, outside the submitted work, and grants from Astellas Pharma, Bayer Yakuhin, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma, Kotobuki Pharmaceutical, Kyowa Kirin, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Mochida Pharmaceutical, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis Pharma, Sanofi, and Teijin Pharma, outside the submitted work; TK has nothing to disclose; KY has nothing to disclose; MM reports personal fees from Kowa Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, personal fees from Takeda Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, personal fees from Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd, personal fees from Sanofi; KS has nothing to disclose; and TS reports personal fees from Dainippon-Sumitomo LTD, and Daiichi-Sankyo.

Additional information

Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Members of the Recurrent Stroke Prevention Clinical Outcome (RESPECT) Study Group are listed below Acknowledgements.

About this article

Cite this article

Kitagawa, K., Arima, H., Yamamoto, Y. et al. Intensive or standard blood pressure control in patients with a history of ischemic stroke: RESPECT post hoc analysis. Hypertens Res 45, 591–601 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-022-00862-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Version of record:

  • Issue date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-022-00862-y

Keywords

Search

Advanced search

Quick links

AltStyle によって変換されたページ (->オリジナル) /