Questions tagged [variance]
For questions regarding the variance of a random variable in probability, as well as the variance of a list or data in statistics.
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How much less is the arithmetic mean than the max given the average deviation?
Given a finite (multi)set of elements $\{x_1, \ldots, x_n\}$ the arithmetic mean $\mathsf{AM}$ is less than or equal to the maximum element call it $\max$. In otherwords, $\mathsf{AM} \leq \max$. But ...
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the limit of variance and expectation
Let $\varepsilon_1, \dots, \varepsilon_n$ be independent random variables with $E(\varepsilon_i) = 0$.
Let $f: [0,1] \to \mathbb{R}$ be a Lipschitz function with constant $K > 0,ドル i.e.,
$$|f(x) - f(...
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What is the variance of the z-coordinate of the point (x,y,z) that is randomly chosen on a unit sphere? [closed]
I understand that there is a similar question posted on the forum which talks about a unit circle and the solution can be extended to solve this question but I want to prove it by mathematically ...
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Why does Shumway & Stoffer use $a_k^2 + b_k^2$ to estimate $\sigma_k^2$ instead of $(a_k^2 + b_k^2) / 2$
I have a question when reading R. H. Shumway and D. S. Stoffer's Time Series Analysis and Its Application With R Examples, 5th edition. On page 181, section 4.1, it's said that
Note that, if in (4.4),...
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Proving variance decreases when removing extremes
Let $x_1 \leq x_2 \leq \cdots \leq x_n$. Define
$$
S_n^2 = \frac{x_1^2+x_2^2+\cdots+x_{n}^2}{n}-\frac{\left(x_1+x_2+\cdots+x_{n}\right)^2}{n^2},
$$
the variance, and
$$
S_{n-2}^2=\frac{x_2^2+x_3^2+\...
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Covariance of signed square root of difference of normally distributed random variables
Assume that $X,Y,Z$ are independently normally distributed (with potentially different mean and variance).
Are there some "nice" formulae for
\begin{align*}
& \mathrm{Cov}\left(\mathrm{...
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Blackwell-Girshick equation with modified assumptions
The question is taken from Achim Klenke's Probability Theory: A Comprehensive Course Section 5.1. There Blackwell-Girshick's equation is stated and proved with the assumption of independence of the ...
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Can a larger subset have lower variance? A comparison of minimum-variance subsets of sizes 3ドル$ and 4ドル$ [closed]
When working with a set of elements, one may wish to identify a subset whose variance does not exceed a given threshold.
One possible approach is to examine smaller subsets first; if these subsets ...
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What is variance in context of projection of a vector?
I looked at the rules, I think it's not wrong to ask people to just explain something to you. (I hope the post won't get flagged). My knowledge level is as much as high-schooler. But I've been ...
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Consequences of Isserlis's theorem: Are these formulas right? $E[e^{-iX}],ドル $E[\cos(X)]$ and $E[\sin(X)]$
Consequences of Isserlis's theorem: Are these formulas right? $E[e^{-iX}],ドル $E[\cos(X)]$ and $E[\sin(X)]$
Recently I made this question about the following consequence of Isserlis's theorem:
$$E[e^{-...
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A Problem in finding expectation and variance of an $n \times n$ random matrix with Bernoulli $\left( \frac{1}{2} \right)$ entries.
Consider an $\large n \times n$ order matrix $\large M$. The $\large i,j$-th entries of the matrix $\large M,ドル let's say, $\large X_{i,j}$ is an i.i.d random variable ($\large \forall i,j$) following ...
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What's the mean & the variance of a binomial distribution?
The question is as follows:
A box contains 2 red and 3 blue balls. Two balls are drawn successively without replacement. If getting ‘a red ball on first draw and a blue ball on second draw’ is ...
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Conditional variance of $q(\mathbf{z}_t|\mathbf{z}_s)$ when $q(\mathbf{z}_t|\mathbf{x}) = \mathcal{N}(\alpha_t\mathbf{x}, \sigma_t\mathbf{I})$
I'm trying to understand the diffusion models defined in continuous time as in this paper (https://arxiv.org/pdf/2107.00630).
What I'm struggling is inducing the variance part of $$q(\mathbf{z}_t|\...
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Is there a property of variance reduction under Cramer's transform?
Let $X$ be a positive valued random variable, say with law $\mu$ on $[0,\infty),$ and for any $\lambda>0,$ let $\mu_{\lambda}(dx)$ denote its Cramer's transform, i.e.$$\mu_{\lambda}(dx):=\frac{e^{-\...
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Name of Monte Carlo variance reduction method
I read about, or saw in a video, a method to reduce variance in Monte Carlo integration which was particularly strong in moderate dimensional integrals, but I can't remember the name.
The only ...