Caio is a rural village in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa. The local population is from the Manjako tribe and has a strong animist belief system. A field station and census were established in the 1980s and studies in Caio have provided important details on the West African HIV-1 and HIV-2 epidemics. HTLV-1 is endemic in Caio and a report on the molecular epidemiology of this virus can be found in this issue (see van Tienen et al., doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001690).
The painting depicts a tumba, an important site used for community decisions and ceremonies. These sites are often marked by large and beautiful kapok trees.
Image Credit: Matthew Cotten (Medical Research Council/Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute)
Editorial
Neglected Tropical Diseases as Hidden Causes of Cardiovascular Disease
Yasmin Moolani, Gene Bukhman, Peter J. Hotez
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 26, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001499
Viewpoints
Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Technology: Towards Point of Care Diagnostics
Zablon Kithinji Njiru
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 26, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001572
Loa loa Ecology in Central Africa: Role of the Congo River System
Louise A. Kelly-Hope, Moses J. Bockarie, David H. Molyneux
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 26, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001605
Symposiums
The Human African Trypanosomiasis Specimen Biobank: A Necessary Tool to Support Research of New Diagnostics
Jose R. Franco, Pere P. Simarro, Abdoulaye Diarra, Jose A. Ruiz-Postigo, Jean G. Jannin
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 26, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001571
Human Bertielliasis in Amazonia: Case Report and Challenging Diagnosis
Adriano P. Furtado, Evander de J. O. Batista, Evonnildo C. Gonçalves, Anderson M. H. O. Silva, Francisco T. V. Melo, Elane G. Giese, Jeannie N. Santos
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 26, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001580
Review
Ebola and Marburg Hemorrhagic Fevers: Neglected Tropical Diseases?
Adam MacNeil, Pierre E. Rollin
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 26, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001546
Research Articles
Clinical Features of Dengue in a Large Vietnamese Cohort: Intrinsically Lower Platelet Counts and Greater Risk for Bleeding in Adults than Children
Trung Dinh The, Thao Le Thi Thu, Dung Nguyen Minh, Ngoc Tran Van, Hien Tran Tinh, Chau Nguyen Van Vinh, Marcel Wolbers, Tam Dong Thi Hoai, Jeremy Farrar, Cameron Simmons, Bridget Wills
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 26, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001679
Comparing the Clinical and Histological Diagnosis of Leprosy and Leprosy Reactions in the INFIR Cohort of Indian Patients with Multibacillary Leprosy
Diana N. J. Lockwood, Peter Nicholls, W. Cairns S. Smith, Loretta Das, Pramila Barkataki, Wim van Brakel, Sujai Suneetha
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 26, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001702
First International External Quality Assessment of Molecular Detection of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus
Camille Escadafal, Stephan Ölschläger, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, Anna Papa, Jessica Vanhomwegen, Roman Wölfel, Ali Mirazimi, Anette Teichmann, Oliver Donoso-Mantke, Matthias Niedrig
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 26, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001706
Geographical Distribution of Trypanosoma cruzi Genotypes in Venezuela
Hernán J. Carrasco, Maikell Segovia, Martin S. Llewellyn, Antonio Morocoima, Servio Urdaneta-Morales, Cinda Martínez, Clara E. Martínez, Carlos Garcia, Marlenes Rodríguez, Raul Espinosa, Belkisyolé A. de Noya, Zoraida Díaz-Bello, Leidi Herrera, Sinead Fitzpatrick, Matthew Yeo, Michael A. Miles, M. Dora Feliciangeli
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 26, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001707
Neutrophil Paralysis in Plasmodium vivax Malaria
Fabiana Maria de Souza Leoratti, Silvia Cellone Trevelin, Fernando Queiroz Cunha, Bruno Coelho Rocha, Pedro Augusto Carvalho Costa, Humberto Doriguêtto Gravina, Mauro Shugiro Tada, Dhelio Batista Pereira, Douglas Taylor Golenbock, Lis Ribeiro do Valle Antonelli, Ricardo T. Gazzinelli
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 26, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001710
Definitions and Standardization of a New Grading Scheme for Eyelid Contour Abnormalities after Trichiasis Surgery
Emily W. Gower, Sheila K. West, Sandra D. Cassard, Beatriz E. Munoz, Jennifer C. Harding, Shannath L. Merbs
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 26, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001713
Burkholderia pseudomallei Known Siderophores and Hemin Uptake Are Dispensable for Lethal Murine Melioidosis
Brian H. Kvitko, Andrew Goodyear, Katie L. Propst, Steven W. Dow, Herbert P. Schweizer
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 26, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001715
Prophylactic Platelets in Dengue: Survey Responses Highlight Lack of an Evidence Base
James Whitehorn, Rosmari Rodriguez Roche, Maria G. Guzman, Eric Martinez, Wilmar Villamil Gomez, Leonard Nainggolan, Ida Safitri Laksono, Ajay Mishra, Lucy Lum, Abul Faiz, Amadou Sall, Joshua Dawurung, Alvaro Borges, Yee-Sin Leo, Lucille Blumberg, Daniel G. Bausch, Axel Kroeger, Olaf Horstick, Guy Thwaites, Heiman Wertheim, Mattias Larsson, Tran Tinh Hien, Rosanna Peeling, Bridget Wills, Cameron Simmons, Jeremy Farrar
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 26, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001716
Sodium Stibogluconate (SSG) & Paromomycin Combination Compared to SSG for Visceral Leishmaniasis in East Africa: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Ahmed Musa, Eltahir Khalil, Asrat Hailu, Joseph Olobo, Manica Balasegaram, Raymond Omollo, Tansy Edwards, Juma Rashid, Jane Mbui, Brima Musa, Abuzaid Abdalla Abuzaid, Osama Ahmed, Ahmed Fadlalla, Ahmed El-Hassan, Marius Mueller, Geoffrey Mucee, Simon Njoroge, Veronica Manduku, Geoffrey Mutuma, Lilian Apadet, Hudson Lodenyo, Dedan Mutea, George Kirigi, Sisay Yifru, Getahun Mengistu, Zewdu Hurissa, Workagegnehu Hailu, Teklu Weldegebreal, Hailemariam Tafes, Yalemtsehay Mekonnen, Eyasu Makonnen, Serah Ndegwa, Patrick Sagaki, Robert Kimutai, Josephine Kesusu, Rhoda Owiti, Sally Ellis, Monique Wasunna
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 19, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001674
Ecological Niche Modeling to Estimate the Distribution of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Asia
Robin H. Miller, Penny Masuoka, Terry A. Klein, Heung-Chul Kim, Todd Somer, John Grieco
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 19, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001678
Use of a LiESP/QA-21 Vaccine (CaniLeish) Stimulates an Appropriate Th1-Dominated Cell-Mediated Immune Response in Dogs
Javier Moreno, Ioannis Vouldoukis, Virginie Martin, David McGahie, Anne-Marie Cuisinier, Sylvie Gueguen
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 19, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001683
Immunodominant Antigens of Leishmania chagasi Associated with Protection against Human Visceral Leishmaniasis
Daniel R. Abánades, Leonardo V. Arruda, Elaine S. Arruda, José Roberto A. S. Pinto, Mario S. Palma, Dorlene Aquino, Arlene J. Caldas, Manuel Soto, Aldina Barral, Manoel Barral-Netto
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 19, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001687
The ATP-Binding Cassette Proteins of the Deep-Branching Protozoan Parasite Trichomonas vaginalis
Christopher Kay, Katharine D. Woodward, Karen Lawler, Tim J. Self, Sabrina D. Dyall, Ian D. Kerr
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 19, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001693
Combined Spatial Prediction of Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in Sierra Leone: A Tool for Integrated Disease Control
Mary H. Hodges, Ricardo J. Soares Magalhães, Jusufu Paye, Joseph B. Koroma, Mustapha Sonnie, Archie Clements, Yaobi Zhang
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 19, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001694
Why Are There So Few Rickettsia conorii conorii-Infected Rhipicephalus sanguineus Ticks in the Wild?
Cristina Socolovschi, Jean Gaudart, Idir Bitam, Thi Phong Huynh, Didier Raoult, Philippe Parola
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 19, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001697
First Molecular Epidemiological Study of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Libya
Ahmad Amro, Aisha Gashout, Hamida Al-Dwibe, Mohammad Zahangir Alam, Badereddin Annajar, Omar Hamarsheh, Hend Shubar, Gabriele Schönian
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 19, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001700
Effects of Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase (sod1) Genotype and Genetic Background on Growth, Reproduction and Defense in Biomphalaria glabrata
Kaitlin M. Bonner, Christopher J. Bayne, Maureen K. Larson, Michael S. Blouin
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 19, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001701
Evidence for Involvement of Th17 Type Responses in Post Kala Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL)
Gajendra Kumar Katara, Nasim Akhtar Ansari, Avninder Singh, V. Ramesh, Poonam Salotra
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 19, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001703
Transcript Expression Analysis of Putative Trypanosoma brucei GPI-Anchored Surface Proteins during Development in the Tsetse and Mammalian Hosts
Amy F. Savage, Gustavo C. Cerqueira, Sandesh Regmi, Yineng Wu, Najib M. El Sayed, Serap Aksoy
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 19, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001708
Impact of PGL-I Seropositivity on the Protective Effect of BCG Vaccination among Leprosy Contacts: A Cohort Study
Nádia C. Düppre, Luiz Antonio B. Camacho, Anna M. Sales, Ximena Illarramendi, José Augusto C. Nery, Elizabeth P. Sampaio, Euzenir N. Sarno, Samira Bührer-Sékula
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 19, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001711
Oligonucleotide Based Magnetic Bead Capture of Onchocerca volvulus DNA for PCR Pool Screening of Vector Black Flies
Hemavathi Gopal, Hassan K. Hassan, Mario A. Rodríguez-Pérez, Laurent D. Toé, Sara Lustigman, Thomas R. Unnasch
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 19, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001712
Landscape Ecology of Sylvatic Chikungunya Virus and Mosquito Vectors in Southeastern Senegal
Diawo Diallo, Amadou A. Sall, Michaela Buenemann, Rubing Chen, Oumar Faye, Cheikh T. Diagne, Ousmane Faye, Yamar Ba, Ibrahima Dia, Douglas Watts, Scott C. Weaver, Kathryn A. Hanley, Mawlouth Diallo
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 12, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001649
Prediction Score for Antimony Treatment Failure in Patients with Ulcerative Leishmaniasis Lesions
Cristian Valencia, Jorge Arévalo, Jean Claude Dujardin, Alejandro Llanos-Cuentas, François Chappuis, Mirko Zimic
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 12, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001656
An Image-Based High-Content Screening Assay for Compounds Targeting Intracellular Leishmania donovani Amastigotes in Human Macrophages
Jair L. Siqueira-Neto, Seunghyun Moon, Jiyeon Jang, Gyongseon Yang, Changbok Lee, Hong Kee Moon, Eric Chatelain, Auguste Genovesio, Jonathan Cechetto, Lucio H. Freitas-Junior
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 12, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001671
Sporotrichosis in Sub-Himalayan India
Santwana Verma, Ghanshyam K. Verma, Gagandeep Singh, Anil Kanga, Vinay Shanker, Digvijay Singh, Poonam Gupta, Kiran Mokta, Vinita Sharma
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 12, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001673
Ciclosporin A Proof of Concept Study in Patients with Active, Progressive HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis
Fabiola Martin, Hannah Castro, Carolyn Gabriel, Adine Adonis, Alexandra Fedina, Linda Harrison, Liz Brodnicki, Maria A. Demontis, Abdel G. Babiker, Jonathan N. Weber, Charles R. M. Bangham, Graham P. Taylor
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 12, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001675
High Prevalence of Giardia duodenalis Assemblage B Infection and Association with Underweight in Rwandan Children
Ralf Ignatius, Jean Bosco Gahutu, Christian Klotz, Christian Steininger, Cyprien Shyirambere, Michel Lyng, Andre Musemakweri, Toni Aebischer, Peter Martus, Gundel Harms, Frank P. Mockenhaupt
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 12, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001677
Identification of Mimotopes with Diagnostic Potential for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Variant Surface Glycoproteins Using Human Antibody Fractions
Liesbeth Van Nieuwenhove, Philippe Büscher, Fatima Balharbi, Michael Humbert, Tessa Dieltjens, Yves Guisez, Veerle Lejon
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 12, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001682
Local Increase of Arginase Activity in Lesions of Patients with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Ethiopia
Tamrat Abebe, Asrat Hailu, Mihretu Woldeyes, Woinshet Mekonen, Kassahun Bilcha, Thomas Cloke, Lionel Fry, Nafisa-Katrin Seich al Basatena, Karina Corware, Manuel Modolell, Markus Munder, Fabienne Tacchini-Cottier, Ingrid Müller, Pascale Kropf
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 12, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001684
Vasa-Like DEAD-Box RNA Helicases of Schistosoma mansoni
Danielle E. Skinner, Gabriel Rinaldi, Sutas Suttiprapa, Victoria H. Mann, Pablo Smircich, Alexis A. Cogswell, David L. Williams, Paul J. Brindley
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 12, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001686
Molecular Epidemiology of Endemic Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 in a Rural Community in Guinea-Bissau
Carla van Tienen, Thushan I. de Silva, Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara, Clayton O. Onyango, Sheikh Jarju, Nato Gonçalves, Tim Vincent, Peter Aaby, Hilton Whittle, Maarten Schim van der Loeff, Matthew Cotten
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 12, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001690
Untreated Human Infections by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Are Not 100% Fatal
Vincent Jamonneau, Hamidou Ilboudo, Jacques Kaboré, Dramane Kaba, Mathurin Koffi, Philippe Solano, André Garcia, David Courtin, Claude Laveissière, Kouakou Lingue, Philippe Büscher, Bruno Bucheton
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 12, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001691
Gene Amplification, ABC Transporters and Cytochrome P450s: Unraveling the Molecular Basis of Pyrethroid Resistance in the Dengue Vector, Aedes aegypti
Vassiliki Bariami, Christopher M. Jones, Rodolphe Poupardin, John Vontas, Hilary Ranson
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 12, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001692
Oral Administration of GW788388, an Inhibitor of Transforming Growth Factor Beta Signaling, Prevents Heart Fibrosis in Chagas Disease
Fabiane L. de Oliveira, Tania C. Araújo-Jorge, Elen M. de Souza, Gabriel M. de Oliveira, Wim M. Degrave, Jean-Jacques Feige, Sabine Bailly, Mariana C. Waghabi
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 12, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001696
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Genetics of Host Response to Leishmania tropica in Mice – Different Control of Skin Pathology, Chemokine Reaction, and Invasion into Spleen and Liver
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Consequences of Neglect: Analysis of the Sub-Saharan African Snake Antivenom Market and the Global Context
Nicholas I. Brown
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 5, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001670
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Poh Kuan Leong, Si Mui Sim, Shin Yee Fung, Khomvilai Sumana, Visith Sitprija, Nget Hong Tan
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Clinical Relevance and Discriminatory Value of Elevated Liver Aminotransferase Levels for Dengue Severity
Linda K. Lee, Victor C. Gan, Vernon J. Lee, Adriana S. Tan, Yee Sin Leo, David C. Lye
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 5, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001676
Altered Circulating Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Inhibitors Associated with Elevated Type 2 Cytokines in Lymphatic Filarial Disease
Rajamanickam Anuradha, Jovvian P. George, Nathella Pavankumar, Vasanthapuram Kumaraswami, Thomas B. Nutman, Subash Babu
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 5, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001681
Efficacy and Safety of Nitazoxanide, Albendazole, and Nitazoxanide-Albendazole against Trichuris trichiura Infection: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Benjamin Speich, Shaali M. Ame, Said M. Ali, Rainer Alles, Jan Hattendorf, Jürg Utzinger, Marco Albonico, Jennifer Keiser
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 5, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001685
Monitoring Toxicity Associated with Parenteral Sodium Stibogluconate in the Day-Case Management of Returned Travellers with New World Cutaneous Leishmaniasi
Emily S. Wise, Margaret S. Armstrong, Julie Watson, Diana N. Lockwood
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 26, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001688