A young man suffering from sleeping sickness rests on a bed at the Dipumba THA center in the province of Kasai, DRC, between two doses of intravenous treatment. He started NECT treatment (co-administration of intravenous eflornithine with oral nifurtimox) which was recently introduced for late-stage disease. Although NECT is a major improvement over the highly toxic melarsoprol, it still needs 2 daily intravenous infusions over 7 days. An oral treatment, as the one proposed with fexinidazole in this issue (see Torreele et al., 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000923), is urgently needed to support control programs and all efforts to eliminate sleeping sickness. DRC has the highest number of sleeping sickness cases in Africa.
Image Credit: Benoît Marquet
Viewpoints
Neurocysticercosis May No Longer Be a Public Health Problem in Mexico
Ana Flisser, Dolores Correa
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published December 21, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000831
Photo Quiz
A Case and Review of Noma
Joseph E. Tonna, Matthew R. Lewin, Brett Mensh
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published December 21, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000869
Symposium
Pitfalls in the Diagnosis of Trypanosomiasis in Low Endemic Countries: A Case Report
Leolin Katsidzira, Golden Tafadzwa Fana
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published December 21, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000823
Review
The Unknown Risk of Vertical Transmission in Sleeping Sickness—A Literature Review
Andreas K. Lindner, Gerardo Priotto
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published December 21, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000783
Research Articles
Parasitic Worms: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Western Côte d’Ivoire with Implications for Integrated Control
Cinthia A. Acka, Giovanna Raso, Eliézer K. N'Goran, Andres B. Tschannen, Isaac I. Bogoch, Essane Séraphin, Marcel Tanner, Brigit Obrist, Jürg Utzinger
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published December 21, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000910
Miltefosine in the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania braziliensis in Brazil: A Randomized and Controlled Trial
Paulo R. Machado, Julia Ampuero, Luiz H. Guimarães, Leonardo Villasboas, Ana T. Rocha, Albert Schriefer, Rosana S. Sousa, Anette Talhari, Gerson Penna, Edgar M. Carvalho
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published December 21, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000912
Bayesian Geostatistical Analysis and Prediction of Rhodesian Human African Trypanosomiasis
Nicola A. Wardrop, Peter M. Atkinson, Peter W. Gething, Eric M. Fèvre, Kim Picozzi, Abbas S. L. Kakembo, Susan C. Welburn
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published December 21, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000914
Revisiting the Immune Trypanolysis Test to Optimise Epidemiological Surveillance and Control of Sleeping Sickness in West Africa
Vincent Jamonneau, Bruno Bucheton, Jacques Kaboré, Hamidou Ilboudo, Oumou Camara, Fabrice Courtin, Philippe Solano, Dramane Kaba, Roger Kambire, Kouakou Lingue, Mamadou Camara, Rudy Baelmans, Veerle Lejon, Philippe Büscher
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published December 21, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000917
Analyses of an Expressed Sequence Tag Library from Taenia solium, Cysticerca
Jonas Lundström, Fernando Salazar-Anton, Ellen Sherwood, Björn Andersson, Johan Lindh
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published December 21, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000919
Quantifying the Spatial Dimension of Dengue Virus Epidemic Spread within a Tropical Urban Environment
Gonzalo M. Vazquez-Prokopec, Uriel Kitron, Brian Montgomery, Peter Horne, Scott A. Ritchie
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published December 21, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000920
Granulomatous Reactivation during the Course of a Leprosy Infection: Reaction or Relapse
Maria Angela Bianconcini Trindade, Gil Benard, Somei Ura, Cássio Cesar Ghidella, João Carlos Regazzi Avelleira, Francisco Reis Vianna, Alfredo Bolchat Marques, Ben Naafs, Raul Negrão Fleury
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published December 21, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000921
The Extinction of Dengue through Natural Vulnerability of Its Vectors
Craig R. Williams, Christie A. Bader, Michael R. Kearney, Scott A. Ritchie, Richard C. Russell
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published December 21, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000922
Fexinidazole – A New Oral Nitroimidazole Drug Candidate Entering Clinical Development for the Treatment of Sleeping Sickness
Els Torreele, Bernadette Bourdin Trunz, David Tweats, Marcel Kaiser, Reto Brun, Guy Mazué, Michael A. Bray, Bernard Pécoul
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published December 21, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000923
Subversion of Innate Defenses by the Interplay between DENV and Pre-Existing Enhancing Antibodies: TLRs Signaling Collapse
Naphak Modhiran, Siripen Kalayanarooj, Sukathida Ubol
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published December 21, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000924
Ecology and Transmission of Buruli Ulcer Disease: A Systematic Review
Richard W. Merritt, Edward D. Walker, Pamela L. C. Small, John R. Wallace, Paul D. R. Johnson, M. Eric Benbow, Daniel A. Boakye
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published December 14, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000911
Sex, Subdivision, and Domestic Dispersal of Trypanosoma cruzi Lineage I in Southern Ecuador
Sofía Ocaña-Mayorga, Martin S. Llewellyn, Jaime A. Costales, Michael A. Miles, Mario J. Grijalva
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published December 14, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000915
The Potential Economic Value of a Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas Disease) Vaccine in Latin America
Bruce Y. Lee, Kristina M. Bacon, Diana L. Connor, Alyssa M. Willig, Rachel R. Bailey
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published December 14, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000916
Responses of Human Endothelial Cells to Pathogenic and Non-Pathogenic Leptospira Species
Denise G. Martinez-Lopez, Mark Fahey, Jenifer Coburn
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published December 14, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000918
Fusion between Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania major Parasitophorous Vacuoles: Live Imaging of Coinfected Macrophages
Fernando Real, Renato A. Mortara, Michel Rabinovitch
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published December 7, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000905
Focus–Specific Clinical Profiles in Human African Trypanosomiasis Caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
Lorna M. MacLean, Martin Odiit, John E. Chisi, Peter G. E. Kennedy, Jeremy M. Sternberg
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published December 7, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000906
Analysis of Salmonella enterica Serotype Paratyphi A Gene Expression in the Blood of Bacteremic Patients in Bangladesh
Alaullah Sheikh, Richelle C. Charles, Sean M. Rollins, Jason B. Harris, Md. Saruar Bhuiyan, Farhana Khanam, Archana Bukka, Anuj Kalsy, Steffen Porwollik, W. Abdullah Brooks, Regina C. LaRocque, Elizabeth L. Hohmann, Alejandro Cravioto, Tanya Logvinenko, Stephen B. Calderwood, Michael McClelland, James E. Graham, Firdausi Qadri, Edward T. Ryan
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published December 7, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000908
Contrasting Spatial Distribution and Risk Factors for Past Infection with Scrub Typhus and Murine Typhus in Vientiane City, Lao PDR
Julie Vallée, Thaksinaporn Thaojaikong, Catrin E. Moore, Rattanaphone Phetsouvanh, Allen L. Richards, Marc Souris, Florence Fournet, Gérard Salem, Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez, Paul N. Newton
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published December 7, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000909
A Novel Tropically Stable Oral Amphotericin B Formulation (iCo-010) Exhibits Efficacy against Visceral Leishmaniasis in a Murine Model
Ellen K. Wasan, Pavel Gershkovich, Jinying Zhao, Xiaohua Zhu, Karl Werbovetz, Richard R. Tidwell, John G. Clement, Sheila J. Thornton, Kishor M. Wasan
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published December 7, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000913